施肥对马尾松中龄林生长、产脂量和土壤养分的短期影响

Short Term Effects of Fertilization on the Growth,Resin Yield and Soil Nutrient Characteristics of Middle Aged Pinus massoniana Plantation

为明确无机肥配施微量元素肥料和石灰对马尾松(Pinus massoniana)生长、松脂产量和土壤养分的综合影响,探明最佳施肥处理,以10年生马尾松材脂兼用林为研究对象,设置无机肥+微肥+石灰配施(T1)、无机肥+微肥配施(T2)、单施无机肥(T3)、无机肥+石灰配施(T4)、钙镁磷肥+石灰配施(T5)和不施肥(CK)6个处理,分析各处理马尾松生长、产脂量变化及其与土壤综合肥力的相关性,并利用内梅罗公式综合评价最佳施肥处理。结果表明:施肥能显著提高马尾松生长量和松脂产量(P<0.05),其中T1处理对马尾松树高、材积生长量及松脂产量促进效果最为显著,T5处理中胸径(DBH)生长量最大。撒施石灰能显著提高土壤pH值,与无机肥+微肥配施(T1)能显著提高土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、碱解氮、速效钾的含量;与钙镁磷肥配施(T5)能显著提高全磷、有效磷、速效钙、速效镁的含量;土壤综合肥力表现为T1>T4>T5>T2>T3>CK。土壤pH值、有机质、有效磷、速效钾和速效镁是影响马尾松生长和产脂量的敏感性因子,土壤肥力综合指数(SFI)与马尾松生长量、产脂量均呈现显著正相关。综上,马尾松中龄林采脂过程中,为减小采脂对马尾松生长的影响,快速补充土壤养分,提高马尾松生长量和松脂产量,建议施用无机肥+微肥+石灰,其效果最佳。

In order to explore the comprehensive effects of inorganic fertilizer combined with micro--fertilizer and lime on the growth,resin yield and soil nutrients of Pinus massoniana,and to find out the best fertilization treatment,a 10-year-old of P.massoniana concomitant timber and resin forest was used as the research object.Six treatments were set up,including inorganic fertilizer+micro fertilizer+lime(T1),the combined application of inorganic fertilizer+micro-fertilizer(T2),the single application of inorganic fertilizer(T3),the inorganic fertilizer+lime combined application(T4),calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer+lime combined application(T5)and no fertilizer application(CK).The changes of P.massoniana growth and resin yield and their correlation with soil comprehensive fertility were analyzed.The best fertilization treatment was compre-hensively evaluated by Nemero formula.The results showed that fertilization could significantly increase the growth and resin yield of P.massoniana(P<0.05).Among them,T1 treatment had the most significant effect on the height,volume growth and resin yield of P.massoniana,and the DBH growth in T5 treatment was the largest.The application of lime can significantly increase the soil pH value,and the combination of in-organic fertilizer+micro-fertilizer(T1)can significantly increase the content of soil organic matter,total ni-trogen,total potassium,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and available potassium.Combined application with calci-um magnesium phosphate fertilizer(T5)can significantly increase the content of total phosphorus,available phosphorus,available calcium and available magnesium.The comprehensive soil fertility performance was T1>T4>T5>T2>T3>CK.Soil pH value,organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium and a-vailable magnesium were sensitive factors affecting the growth and resin yield of P.massoniana.The Soil Fertility Index(SFI)was significantly positively correlated with the growth and resin yield of P.massoni-ana.In summary,in the process of resin harvest in the middle-aged P.massoniana forest,in order to reduce the impact of resin yield on P.massoniana growth,quickly supplement soil nutrients,and increase the growth and resin production of P.massoniana,it is recommended to apply inorganic fertilizer+micro-fertilizer+lime,which has the best effect.