高产双低核不育杂交油菜新品种黔油31号的选育

Breeding of Qianyou 31,a New Male Sterile Hybrid Rape Variety with High Yield and Low Erucic Acid and Glucosinolate Content

【目的】选育适宜长江上游种植的产量高、含油量高、品质优、抗性好的双低油菜杂交种,满足长江上游复杂生态条件对双低油菜品种的需求。【方法】贵州省油料研究所利用自育隐性核不育两型系黔油6AB为母本、自育优良双低高含油量恢复系11-4490为父本,围绕高产高油优质多抗的甘蓝型半冬性隐性核不育两型系杂交油菜新品种的育种目标进行选育。【结果】在2014—2016年国家冬油菜品种区域试验(长江上游区)中,2015年和2016年黔油31号油菜籽产量分别为194.36 kg/667m^(2)和178.17 kg/667m^(2),分别较对照(南油12)增产11.78%和15.65%,达极显著水平;综合2年试验结果,22个点次中17个点增产,油菜籽平均产量186.26 kg/667m^(2),比对照增产13.72%。生育期205.9 d,比对照早熟0.2 d;株高193.00 cm,有效分枝数7.07个,单株有效角果数299.25个,角粒数18.78粒,千粒重4.10 g。黔油31号芥酸、硫甙和含油量分别为0.2%、25.59μmol/g和44.33%。【结论】黔油31号于2019年6月通过国家非主要农作物品种登记,已在贵州大面积推广种植,其苗期生长势较强,成熟一致性好,分枝性较强,抗倒性较强,抗病性中等,丰产性好,品质达双低标准。适宜在贵州、四川、重庆、云南、陕西勉县等长江上游冬油菜主产区或相似区域秋季种植。

【Objective】The hybrid rape variety with high yield,high oil content,high quality,excellent disease resistance,low erucic acid and glucosinolate content is bred to meet the demand of double-low rape varieties under complex ecological conditions in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.【Method】According to the aim of breeding the two-line semi-winter and recessive genic male sterility hybrid rape variety with high yield,high oil content,high quality and multiple disease resistance,a new variety is bred from the cross combination of Qianyou 6AB♀(a variety with two-line recessive genic male sterility bred by Guizhou Institute of Oil Crops)×11-4490♂(a restorer variety with double-low and high oil content bred by Guizhou Institute of Oil Crops).【Result】The rapeseed yield of Qianyou 31 in national regional test of winter rape varieties(the upper reaches of the Yangtze River)in 2015 and 2016 were 194.36 kg/667m^(2) and 178.17 kg/667m^(2),and 11.78%and 15.65%higher than CK(Nanyou 12)respectively.The rapeseed yield of Qianyou 31 in 17 testing sites of total 22 testing sites is higher than CK.The average rapeseed yield of Qianyou 31 were 186.26 kg/667m^(2) and 13.72%higher than CK.The growth period of Qianyou 31 were 205.9 d and 0.2 d earlier than CK.The height,effective branch number,effective pod per plant,grains per pod,1000-grain weight,erucic acid content,glucosinolate content and oil content of Qianyou 31 were 193.00 cm,7.07,299.25,18.78,4.10 g,0.2%,25.59μmol/g and 44.33%respectively.【Conclusion】Qianyou 31 registered as a national non-major crop variety in June,2019 is cultivated over large areas in Guizhou.Qianyou 31 with the advantages of strong growth vigor at seedling stage,uniformity maturity feature,strong branchiness,higher lodging resistance,moderate disease resistance,good yielding ability and double-low quality is suitably cultivated in autumn in winter rape producing areas of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River including Guizhou,Sichuan,Chongqing,Yunnan and Mian County of Shaanxi and other similar ecological areas.