生物炭不同施用量对烤烟养分与土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of Different Biochar Application Amount on Nutrient Absorption of Flue-cured Tobacco and Soil Physicochemical Properties

【目的】探明生物炭不同施用量对烤烟养分和土壤理化性质的影响,为生物炭的合理施用提供依据。【方法】采用长期定位施肥试验,以常规施用化肥为对照(CK),研究常规施用化肥+烟秆生物炭5 t/hm^(2)和常规施用化肥+烟秆生物炭40 t/hm^(2)对烤烟养分和土壤理化性质的影响。【结果】不同施肥处理的烤烟养分吸收特征和植烟土壤理化性质存在差异。与CK比,常规施用化肥+烟秆生物炭5 t/hm^(2)处理有利于烟株对氮、磷、钾的积累,促进植烟各粒级土壤团聚体的合理分布,从而改善其理化性质。其中,常规施用化肥+烟秆生物炭5 t/hm^(2)处理烤烟氮、磷、钾的积累量分别为30.89 mg/plot、469.11 mg/plot和582.85 mg/plot,分别较CK提高4.16%、7.04%和24.50%;[0,0.25) mm、[0.25,2) mm和[2,+∞) mm粒级的土壤团聚体含量分别为50.91%、43.00%和6.09%;土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾分别为13.90%、4.00%和33.79%,均有不同程度增加;烤烟的氮、磷、钾与土壤团聚体及养分含量密切相关。【结论】烤烟生长以常规施用化肥+烟秆生物炭5 t/hm^(2)最佳,可提高植烟土壤地力,改良土壤环境,促进烤烟养分的吸收积累。

【Objective】The effects of different biochar application amount on nutrient absorption of flue-cured tobacco and soil physicochemical properties are explored to provide the scientific basis for rational application of biochar.【Method】The effects of two biochar application amounts(T 1,conventional chemical fertilizer+5 t/hm^(2) biochar of tobacco stalk and T 2,conventional chemical fertilizer+40 t/hm^(2) biochar of tobacco stalk)on nutrient absorption of flue-cured tobacco and soil physicochemical properties are studied by using a long-term fixation fertilization test and taking conventional chemical fertilizer as CK.【Result】There are differences in nutrient absorption characteristics of flue-cured tobacco and soil physicochemical properties among different treatments.Compared with CK,T 1 is beneficial to increase N,P and K accumulation of flue-cured tobacco plants and improve soil physicochemical properties by promoting rational distribution of soil aggregates with different sizes.The N,P and K accumulation of T 1 reaches 30.89 mg/74.8 m^(2),469.11 mg/74.8 m^(2) and 582.85 mg/74.8 m^(2),and is 4.16%,7.04%and 24.50%higher than CK respectively.The soil aggregates with[0,0.25)mm,[0.25,2)mm and[2,+∞)mm of T 1 is 50.91%,43.00%and 6.09%separately.The content of available N,available P and rapidly available K of T 1 is 13.90%,4.00%and 33.79%,and is higher than CK to varying degrees respectively.The N,P and K content of flue-cured tobacco plants is closely related to size and nutrient content of soil aggregates.【Conclusion】The fertilization pattern of conventional chemical fertilizer+5 t/hm^(2) biochar of tobacco stalk can increase the fertility of tobacco-growing soil,improve soil environment and promote nutrient absorption and accumulation of tobacco plants.