不同种源百香果的植物学和种子性状差异

Difference in Botanical and Seed Traits of Different Passiflora edulis Germplasm Resources

【目的】探究不同种源百香果的植物学性状和种子性状区别,为百香果种质资源利用提供参考依据。【方法】对10个百香果种源的藤色、形状,叶片质地、着生方式、叶裂、叶缘、叶柄上腺体个数、位置、花瓣正面颜色、果皮和果肉颜色进行植物学性状描述,测定种子长度、宽度、厚度、长宽比、长厚比和宽厚比等性状并进行统计分析。【结果】不同种源百香果在藤、叶片、叶柄腺体、花瓣正面色和果实颜色上均有不同区别,藤形有圆形和多边棱形,叶片有掌状3裂、5裂或不分裂,腺体有2个或6个,花瓣正面有白色、紫红色和浅粉色,果皮有紫色、黄色、绿色和橙红色;各种源种子间大小差异达显著水平,种子的长度与宽度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。主成分分析以特征值大于1为标准,提取的2个主成分累积贡献率为85.173%。以分层类距离11为阈值,供试的10个种源可聚为三大类,1号、2号、5号、8号种子聚为第1类,其种子接近中等,部分较小;3号、4号、6号、7号、10号种子聚为第2类,种子中等大小;9号种子聚为第3类,种子比较大。【结论】不同百香果种源间差异较大,藤形状、叶片分裂方式、叶柄上腺体数量、果皮颜色、种子大小等指标可作为植物分类、遗传品质、种源选择和育种等的重要指标。

【Objective】The difference in botanical and seed traits of different Passiflora edulis germplasm resources is discussed to provide the reference basis for utilization of P.eduli germplasm resources.【Method】The botanical traits of vine color,vine shape,leaf texture,growth types,leaf lobes,leaf margin,gland number and site on petiole,front petal color,peel color and flesh color of 10 P.eduli germplasm resources are described and the seed traits of length,width,thickness,L/W ratio,L/T ratio and W/T ratio of 10 P.eduli germplasm resources are determined and statistically analysed.【Result】There are differences in vine shape(round and prism),leaf texture(palmately 3-lobed,5-lobed and no divided),gland number(2 or 6),front petal color(white,amaranth and light pink)and fruit color(purple,yellow,green and orange red)among 10 P.eduli germplasm resources.The difference in seed size is at significant level among 10 P.eduli germplasm resources.The seed length is positively related to seed width significantly P<0.05.The accumulative contribution rate of principal componentⅠand principal componentⅡselected from 6 seed traits based on the standard of the eigenvalue>1 is 85.173%.10 P.eduli germplasm resources are clustered into three groups as taking the classfication distance of 11 as the threshold.GroupⅠ(most seeds with nearer medium size and some seeds with small size)includes Sample 1,Sample 2,Sample 5 and Sample 8.GroupⅡ(seeds with medium size)includes Sample 3,Sample 4,Sample 6,Sample 7 and Sample 10.GroupⅢ(seeds with large size)includes Sample 9.【Conclusion】There are great differences in botanical and seed traits among different P.eduli germplasm resources.The vine shape,leaf lobes mode,gland number,peel color and seed size can be used as the important indexes in classification,genetic quality,selection and breeding of P.eduli germplasm resources.