“真假教育部”与收回上海租界教育权的斗争——1930年上海“工部局教育部”事件研究

True or False Ministry of Education and the Struggle to Recover the Education Right of Shanghai Concession:Study on the Event of"Educational Department of Municipal"in Shanghai in 1930

南京国民政府初期,上海租界教育权问题备受国人关注。1930年10月15日,上海公共租界工部局以“教育部”名义向界内学校函发学情调查表。社会各界和国民党上海市党部借机发起舆论攻势,控诉工部局擅设“教育部”以操纵租界教育、扰乱教育系统、侵害国家主权,将收回上海租界教育权的斗争推向高潮。上海市教育局亦随即表明反对立场,并在国民政府教育部的指令下几度核查。然而在工部局巧妙斡旋、教育部人事变动、国民党政权革命性消退等内外因素相互作用下,冲突以工部局公开解释和教育部“暂不置议”的批示结束。此后,中外均加强了对租界华人教育的关注,并在教育权问题上转向温和的斗争模式。各机关团体与社会大众为收回租界教育权持续努力,彰显了国人主权意识的全面觉醒。而国家主权未获独立,从根本上决定了斗争与妥协兼具的国民政府无法彻底解决上海租界的教育权问题。

In the early period of Nanjing Nationalist Government,the issue of education right in Shanghai Concession was concerned by Chinese people.On October 15,1930,Shanghai Public Concession Bureau sent a letter to the schools in the name of"Ministry of Education".All walks of life and the Kuomintang Shanghai Party Department took the opportunity to create public opinion,accusing the Ministry of Industry Bureau of setting up the"Ministry of Education"to manipulate the education in the concession,disrupt the education system,infringe on national sovereignty,and push the struggle to recover the education right in the Shanghai concession to the climax.Shanghai Education Bureau also immediately expressed opposition position,and under the instruction of the Ministry of Education of the National Government several times check.However,due to the internal and external factors such as the ingenious response of the municipal council,the personnel changes of the Ministry of Education,and the revolutionary decline of the Kuomintang regime,the conflict ended with the public explanation of the municipal council and the instruction of the Ministry of Education"temporarily not discussed:.From then on,both China and foreign countries paid more attention to the education of the Chinese in the concession area and turned to a moderate mode of struggle on the issue of the right to education.The continuous efforts of various government agencies,organizations,and the general public to reclaim the right to education in the concession have demonstrated the comprehensive awakening of the sovereignty consciousness of the Chinese people.However,the national sovereignty was not independent,which fundamentally determined that the national government with both struggle and compromise could not completely solve the problem of education right in Shanghai Concession.