断裂构造分形几何特征对冲击地压的控制作用研究

Effect of fractal geometric characteristics of fracture structure on rock burst control

断裂构造是影响煤矿开采的重要地质因素,也是诱发矿井冲击地压灾害的主要因素之一。为分析断裂构造对冲击地压的控制作用,以鹤岗南部矿区为工程研究背景,基于地质动力区划法,划分了鹤岗南部矿区的断裂构造,利用分形几何原理,统计计算了研究区断裂全区与分区的分形维数,分析了研究区断裂全区与分区分形几何特征,探究了断裂分形维数与冲击地压空间位置的耦合关系。结果表明:NW向断裂和近SN向断裂对鹤岗南部矿区的冲击地压控制作用程度较高,NE向断裂次之,近WE向断裂则最差。冲击地压空间位置与研究区断裂分区分维值有较好的对应关系,已发生冲击地压的分区,其分区断裂分维值较大,处于断裂构造较复杂和复杂的区域。不同方向的断裂在同一分区的分维值与冲击地压密切程度不同,其断裂对冲击地压的控制作用程度也不同,同一方向的断裂在不同分区的分维值与冲击地压控制作用程度亦是如此。研究成果从分形几何角度揭示了断裂构造对冲击地压控制作用,可为冲击地压预测与治理提供新思路。

Fault structure is not only an important geological factor affecting coal mining,but also one of the main factors inducing mine rock burst.In order to analyze the control effect of fault structures on rock burst,taking the Southern Hegang mining area as the engineering background,based on the geological dynamic zoning,the fault structure in the mining area was divided.Using the principle of fractal geometry,the fractal dimensions of the whole area and the sub area of the fault are statistically calculated,the fractal geometric characteristics were analyzed,and the coupling relationship between the fault fractal dimension and the spatial position of rock burst was studied.The results show that NW trending faults and near SN trending faults have a high degree of control over rock burst in the mining area,followed by NE trending faults,and near WE trending faults are the worst.The spatial position of rock burst has a good corresponding relationship with the fractal dimension value of fault zoning in the study area.The zoning where rock burst has occurred has a large fractal dimension value of fault zoning,which is located in the area with relatively complex and complex fault structure.The fractal dimension value of faults in different directions in the same zone is different from the rock burst,and the control effect of faults on rock burst is also different.The fractal dimension values of faults in the same direction in different zones and the rock burst control effect are also the same.The research results quantitatively reveal the control effect of fault structure on rock burst,which can provide new ideas for the prediction and treatment of rock burst.