论中国新闻学自主知识体系的拓展:基于属概念界定的视角

Expansion of the Knowledge System of Chinese Journalism:From the Perspective of ConceptDefinition

关于新闻学的主要概念——“新闻”的界定过去大半个世纪在中国的学术语境中都没有发生变化。将属概念界定为“报道”,使新闻的定义常识化和操作化,因为这个概念缺乏理论系谱和脉络的支撑。新闻的属概念完全可以有更多元的理解。从报道主体、受众认知和媒介呈现等方面,可以把新闻的属概念界定为信息生产、知识型和景观呈现,这些属概念联结着马克思主义政治经济学、知识社会学和现象学等一系列理论脉络,可以有力地支撑新闻学由规范性学科走向探索性科学。常识化的知识体系折射出“新闻学的贫困”,对新闻属概念的重新界定有利于全面审视新闻学的本体论和认识论,激发新闻学的想象力。

In the academic context of China,the definition of the main concept of journalism,"news,"has remained unchanged for over half a century.Limiting its generic concept to"report"reflects a lack of theoretical grounding and contextual understanding,resulting in generalization and operationalization.This paper argues that the generic concepts of news can be defined as information production,episteme,and landscape representation,viewed from the perspectives of news subject,audience perception,and media representation.These definitions connect to Marxism political economy,sociology of knowledge,phenomenology,and other theories,supporting journalism's evolution from a normative discipline to an exploratory science.Redefining the generic concepts of news comprehensively examines the ontology and epistemology of journalism,inspiring imagination and combating"the poverty of journalism"caused by the generalization of the knowledge system.