青藏高原高寒地区移植草皮的植物多样性特征

Plateau Plant Diversity Characteristics of Transplanted Turf in Alpine Areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

青藏高原高寒草地生态系统极其脆弱,植物生长周期短,在海拔4000 m以上高速公路建设中,缺少高寒草地草皮移切割植样方规格设置的技术及经验。通过对国道109线那曲至拉萨公路改建工程(那曲至羊八井段)第二标段草皮植物物种多样性进行调查,对不同规格样方的草皮植物结构组成及ɑ多样性进行研究。结果表明,那曲至拉萨高速公路高寒草地物种主要有高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)、钉柱委陵菜(Potentilla saundersiana)、二裂委陵菜(Potentilla bifurca)、藏菠萝花(Incarvillea younghusbandii)、独一味(Lamiophlomis rotata)、针茅(Stipa capillata)、鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)等,其中高山嵩草是建群种和优势物种;草皮的切割样方最合适尺寸为50 cm×50 cm,当样方大小为50 cm×50 cm时,切割样方内的植物多样性、丰富度及植被覆盖度基本保持稳定,不再有上升趋势。这一研究结论为高寒地区的高速公路建设等工程中草皮的移植提供给了可行性方案。

The alpine grassland ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is extremely fragile,with a short plant growth cycle.In the construction of highways with sea waves above 4000 m,the technology and experience in setting the specifications of alpine grassland turf transplanting samples are rare.In this study,the species diversity of turf plants in the second section of the reconstruction project of the National Highway 109 from Nagqu to Lhasa(Nagqu to Yangbajing section)are investigated,and the structural composition andɑdiversity of turf plants in the sample squares with different specifications are studied.The results show that the alpine grassland species of the Naqu-Lhasa highway mainly consisted of Kobresia pygmaea,Potentilla saundersiana,Potentilla bifurca,Incarvillea younghusbandii,Lamiophlomis rotata,Stipa capillata,Potentilla anserina,etc.,of which K.pygmaea is the established and dominant species;the most suitable size of the cut sample of turf is 50 cm×50 cm,and when the sample size is 50 cm×50 cm,the plant diversity,richness and vegetation cover within the cut sample basically remain stable and no longer increasing.The findings of this study provide a feasible solution for transplanting turf in highway construction projects in alpine regions.