高水平开放下保障饲料粮供给的新举措与展望

New Measures and Prospects to Guarantee the Supply of Feed Grain in China under the High-level Openness

近年来,中国以大豆、玉米为代表的粮食品种进口规模屡创新高,饲料粮短缺问题再次引起社会广泛关注。为缓解饲料粮短期供需紧张问题,政府出台了一系列重要举措增加国内供给,同时持续构建多元化进口格局。一方面,本文以推广玉米大豆带状复合种植、推进玉米豆粕减量替代两项重要举措为例进行分析,确保其取得预期效果的关键是如何通过完善补贴政策,提供农机、农技解决方案和强化技术培训及示范推广,来调动农户、企业等市场主体的参与积极性。另一方面,本文通过对中国饲料粮进口市场现状及剩余空间的分析认为,在主要饲料粮品种(大豆、玉米)进口市场高度集中的情况下,应通过继续加强与“一带一路”沿线地区的农业合作、积极加入高标准自由贸易协定来多元化布局进口市场。展望未来,中国进入以制度型开放为标志的高水平对外开放的新阶段,农业缺乏比较优势的问题逐步显现,包括饲料粮在内的粮食进口压力将进一步加大,国内要继续深入实施“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”战略,并优化农业支持政策设计,不断提升农业可持续生产能力和农产品竞争力;国际上要主动参与全球粮食安全治理与制度变革,推动公平、公正与包容的全球粮食安全治理规则磋商。

In recent years,the import scale of grain varieties represented by soybean and corn in China has repeatedly reached new highs,and the shortage of feed grain has once again attracted widespread attention.In order to alleviate the short-term shortage of feed grain,the Chinese government has recently introduced a series of important measures to increase the domestic supply and will continue to build a diversified import pattern.On the one hand,this paper takes promoting corn-soybean ribbon compound planting and pushing the reduction replacement of corn and soybean in feed grain for example to analyze,and thinks that the key to ensure the expected effect is how to arousing the enthusiasm of farmers and enterprises through improving subsidies policy,providing agricultural machinery and agricultural technology solutions,and strengthening technical training and demonstration promotion.On the other hand,through analyzing of the current situation and remaining space of China’s feed grain import market,this paper believes that China should continue to strengthen the agricultural cooperation with the regions along the“Belt and Road”and actively join the high-standard free trade agreement to diversify the import market under the condition of the highly concentrated import market of the soybean and corn.Looking ahead,the problem of lacking of comparative advantage in Chinese agriculture will gradually emerge along with entering a new stage of high-level opening up,then food import pressure including feed grain will further increase.So at home China should continue to implement the strategy of“grain storage in the ground and technology”,and optimize the domestic support policy design to constantly improve the agricultural sustainable production capacity and agricultural products competitiveness.Internationally China should actively participate in the global food security governance and system reform,and promote the consultation of fair,just and inclusive global food security governance rules.