美国防范食物安全风险的经验与启示

The Practices and Implications of the United States in Preventing Food Security Risks

建立健全风险防范机制对于保障中国食物安全意义重大。为应对新冠疫情对公众食物和营养安全带来的冲击,稳定农业生产、低收入家庭食物保障和供应链,美国政府依托多年运行的食物与营养援助项目、非营利性紧急食物援助网络,构建了公众食物与营养安全网,为应对疫情冲击提供了有力支撑。与此同时,通过需求端和供应端的双重发力,有效促进了供应链的稳定,加上已有的相对完备的农业风险管理体系,美国较为成功地防范了食物安全突发风险,其经验值得借鉴。中国要高度重视低收入群体的食物安全保障,加强粮食与食物供应链的稳定性与韧性建设,加快数字技术在农业农村发展和保障食物安全中的应用,以及高度重视农业保险在稳定粮食生产端的突出贡献。

It is of great significance to establish and improve the mechanism of food security risk prevention to guarantee China’s food security.In response to the shock of COVID-19 on public food and nutrition security,and to stabilize agricultural production,food security for low-income groups and supply chains,the government of the United States has built a public food and nutrition safety net,relying on its food and nutrition assistance program and non-profit emergency food assistance network,to provide strong support for responding to the shock of COVID-19.In addition,through policy implementation both on the demand side and the supply side,the United States has effectively promoted the stability of the supply chain.Combined with the existing relatively complete agricultural risk management system,the United States has successfully prevented the risk of food security emergencies.Its practices are worth learning China should make efforts to ensuring food security for low-income groups,strengthen the stability and resilience of food supply chain,accelerate the application of digital techniques in rural development and ensuring food security,and attach great importance to the role of agricultural insurance in stabilizing food production.