郑州地区仰韶文化中晚期重要考古发现及相关问题初步研究

Preliminary Research on the Important Archaeological Discoveries and Relevant Problems Concerning Yangshao Culture in Its Middle and Late Period in Zhengzhou Area

依据郑州多年来的考古发现尤其是“中华文明探源工程”和“考古中国工程”的最新发现,结合地理地貌、黄河中游大地湾、南佐和以河洛古国都邑—双槐树遗址为首的系列代表性遗址的文化内涵,对郑州地区仰韶文化中晚期的整体聚落规划、大河村文化的内涵以及郑州仰韶文化中晚期与黄帝(时代)的关联等重要学术问题,予以了初步研究。初步认为,郑州地区仰韶文化中晚期聚落规划严整,在统治空间防御必要性基础上,利用地理地貌形成了以双槐树都邑为中心的多重防御结构;同时,大河村文化早期有仰韶文化中期晚段特征,晚期逐步形成更加明确的自身特征,整体两端都有过渡特征。在时段方面,呼应大汶口文化中期和“油子岭文化-屈家岭文化”这一文化谱系的早中期,并有诸多文化联系。按照传统上古史文献以及陶寺至夏商考古发现与上古史呼应的现今主流认识,《帝系》中的黄帝距今不足5000年,若视为是氏族多代首领称谓的话,结合仰韶文化考古发现、古代炎黄文献记载和神话传说,中原仰韶文化呼应的应该属于黄帝所在的族群。

According to the archaeological discoveries in Zhengzhou city over the years,especially the latest discoveries in the project of“Exploring the Source of Chinese Civilization”and the project of“Archaeology of China”,and combined with the geographical landforms,and the cultural connotation of the Dadi Bay in the middle reaches of Yellow River,Nanzuo,and a series of representative historic sites such as the Shuanghuaishu site which was a city in Heluo Ancient country,we have made preliminary research on some important academic issues such as the whole settlement planning of Yangshao culture in its middle and late period in Zhengzhou area,the connotation of Dahe village culture,and the relation between Yangshao culture in its middle and late period in Zhengzhou and the Yellow Emperor(era).It is believed tentatively that,the settlement planning of Yangshao culture in its middle and late period in Zhengzhou area was complete,and on the basis of the necessity of ruling space defense,multiple defense structures were formed with Shuanghuaishu city as the center by utilizing the geographical landforms;at the same time,Dahe village culture in the early period had the characteristic of Yangshao culture in its middle and late period,and gradually formed its own distinct characteristics in the late period,with transitional characteristics at both ends of the whole.In terms of time period,it echoes the middle period of Dawenkou culture and the early and middle period of the cultural pedigree of“Youziling culture-Qujialing culture”,and has many cultural connections.According to the traditional ancient historical documents,and the current mainstream understanding that the archaeological findings from Tao Temple to Xia&Shang dynasties echo the ancient history,the Yellow Emperor in The Imperial System is less than 5,000 years old from now.If the Yellow Emperor is regarded as the title of multiple generations of clan leaders,combined with the archeological findings of Yangshao culture,the records of ancient Yanhuang literature,and the myths and legends,Yangshao culture in the central plain should belong to the ethnic group which the Yellow Emperor lived in.