产学研合作创新中异质主体间权力耦合协调研究

Research on the power coupling and coordination in enterprise-college cooperative innovations

当前,我国实施创新型国家战略,大力鼓励产学研创新,推进资源互补和协同优势。但高校和企业基于不同的优势资源,产生权力不平衡和博弈等现象,无法有效解决“卡脖子”技术和科技成果转化率低等问题。本文从权力的资源基础角度,将产学研合作创新中的权力解构为高校的知识权力和企业的市场权力,进而以31个省份2013—2020年数据为例,构建企业、高校两大权力子系统耦合协调度评价模型,实证测度我国不同省区产学研合作创新权力系统的耦合协调度,并分析相应的时空分异特征。结果表明:从权力视角看,我国产学研创新耦合协调总体处于中低水平;各省份耦合协调发展状态空间差异明显,但两大权力子系统间相对发展状态整体上处于市场权力滞后知识权力的状态;产学研合作创新权力系统耦合协调度总体差异主要来自于区域间的差距。本研究进而从权力协同发展的角度,提出相应的对策和建议,以平衡高校知识权力与企业市场权力,推动产学研合作,实现高质量发展。

At present,China implements an innovative national strategy which vigorously encourages enterprise-college cooperative innovations,and promotes resource complementarity.However,colleges and enterprises,based on different advantageous innovative resources,have different powers which may be imbalanced and cause conflicts.It partly results in the problems of“stuck neck”technology and the low conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements.Based on different sources of powers,this paper deconstructs the different powers in enterprise-college cooperations into two types:colleges’knowledge power and enterprises’market power,and then collects data during 2013 to 2020 from 31 provinces to measure these two types of powers.This study evaluates each power from two aspects:innovation input and innovative output,then selects 10 representative indicators totally to build a secondary indicator system.By adopting multiple models,this study conducts empirical analyses on the coupling coordination degree and relative developments degree of colleges’knowledge power and enterprises’market power within enterprise-college cooperative innovation systems in different provinces of China from 2013 to 2020,makes predictions for the years from 2021 to 2028,and analyzes the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics accordingly.Furthermore,this study uses the Gini coefficient to calculate regional differences in the coupling and coordination between colleges’knowledge power and enterprises’market power,and analyzes the source of the differences.The results show that:the innovation and development levels of colleges’knowledge power and enterprises’market power in China’s enterprise-college cooperative innovations have improved from 2012 to 2020,but the development level of colleges’knowledge is significantly higher than the development level of enterprises’market power according to both absolute and relative growth rates;from the analysis of coupling coordination,the coupling coordination between China's enterprise-college innovations are generally at a medium-low level,and the spatial differences in the coupling and coordinated development status among the provinces are obvious;by considering the relative development state,the state of market power generally lags that of knowledge power;the coupling coordination levels of colleges’knowledge power and enterprises’market power are predicated to show a continuous improvement trend from 2021 to 2028,and the future development trend of system coupling and coordination will be good;from the results of Gini coefficient,the overall differences of the innovation coupling coordination degrees in enterprise-college cooperative innovations power system mainly comes from the gap among regions,while the gap within the region and the supervariable density have little impact on the overall difference.This studyalso proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the perspective of the coordinated development of power.Enterprises and colleges should scientifically understand the power coupling coordination level of regional enterprise-college cooperative innovations,conduct internal adjustments and external integration,strengthen their own power advantages,and narrow the gap with the counterpart.At the same time,the government should actively step in,promote enterprise-college cooperation by identifying the entities with advantageous power,and balance colleges’knowledge power and enterprises’market power,so as to promote the cooperation among industry,universities and research institutes and achieve high-quality development.