社区老年高血压患者中医体质特点及心血管疾病发生的影响因素分析

The characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine constitution in community elderly patients with hypertension and the influencing factors of cardiovascular disease

目的 探讨社区老年高血压患者中医体质特点,分析心血管疾病发生的影响因素。方法 147例社区老年高血压患者,根据患者是否发生心血管疾病分为发生组(36例)和未发生组(111例)。采用身心康经络传感器对患者完成中医体质辨识,分析社区老年高血压患者中医体质特点。统计两组糖尿病、吸烟史、饮酒史、血脂异常、生活方式、体质量指数(BMI)等,并对上述可能的影响因素进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 社区老年高血压患者均完成中医体质评估,排在前3位的分别为痰湿质、湿热质及阴虚质,占比分别为28.57%、25.85%、12.93%,传导系数分别为(33.29±6.09)、(36.35±6.71)、(58.31±6.83)分。147例社区老年高血压患者发生心血管疾病36例,发生率为24.49%。单因素分析显示,发生组饮酒史及血脂异常、生活方式差、BMI≥26.5 kg/m~2占比分别为83.33%(30/36)、58.33%(21/36)、72.22%(26/36)、63.89%(23/36),均高于未发生组29.73%(33/111)、18.92%(21/111)、15.32%(17/111)、38.74%(43/111),差异具有统计意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,饮酒史、血脂异常、生活方式、BMI均为社区老年高血压患者心血管疾病发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 社区老年高血压患者中医体质主要以痰湿质、湿热质及阴虚质为主,患者心血管疾病发生率较高,且患者受到的影响因素较多,应针对可能的影响因素进行干预,降低心血管疾病发生率。

Objective To discuss the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine constitution in community elderly patients with hypertension and the influencing factors of cardiovascular disease.Methods A total of 147 community elderly patients with hypertension were divided into an occurrence group(36 cases)and a non-occurrence group(111 cases)according to whether the patients had cardiovascular disease or not.E-HEALTH meridian sensor was used to identify the traditional Chinese medicine constitution of the patients,and the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine constitution of the community elderly patients with hypertension were analyzed.Diabetes mellitus,smoking history,history of alcohol consumption,dyslipidemia,lifestyle,body mass index(BMI)were counted in the two groups,and univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed for the above possible influencing factors.Results All community elderly patients with hypertension completed the traditional Chinese medicine constitution assessment,and the top 3 were phlegm-dampness constitution,damp-heat constitution and yin-deficiency constitution,accounting for 28.57%,25.85%and 12.93%,respectively,with conduction coefficients of(33.29±6.09),(36.35±6.71)and(58.31±6.83)points,respectively.Cardiovascular disease occurred in 36 of 147 community elderly patients with hypertension,accounting for 24.49%.Univariate analysis showed that the proportions of history of alcohol consumption,dyslipidemia,poor lifestyle,and BMI≥26.5 kg/m2 were 83.33%(30/36),58.33%(21/36),72.22%(26/36),and 63.89%(23/36)in the occurrence group,which were higher than those of 29.73%(33/111),18.92%(21/111),15.32%(17/111),and 38.74%(43/111)in the non-occurrence group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that history of alcohol consumption,dyslipidemia,lifestyle,and BMI were independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease in community elderly patients with hypertension(P<0.05).Conclusion The traditional Chinese medicine constitution of community elderly patients with hypertension is mainly phlegm-dampness constitution,damp-heat constitution and Yin-deficiency constitution.The incidence of cardiovascular diseases is relatively high,and the patients are affected by many factors.Therefore,intervention should be carried out according to the possible influencing factors to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.