河北崇礼太子城遗址出土金代铜坐龙研究

On The Jin-Dynasty Bronze Seated-Dragon Statues Unearthed at the Site of Taizicheng in Hebei Province

本文在对崇礼太子城金代皇家行宫遗址出土的两件铜坐龙和一件铜器座出土情况和形制分析的基础上,对国内目前发现的十件铜坐龙进行了分型。作者通过文献和考古资料指出:一件唐代铜坐龙为放置在墓室内具有驱邪辟凶作用的镇墓兽;九件金代铜坐龙具有皇家属性,准确年代为金代中后期(1153-1234),其中的抬腿型可基本确认为金代皇帝大辇顶轮上的装饰物。太子城遗址铜器座为新发现的金代青铜器类型,其与铜坐龙的组合亦为首次完整发现,该资料为金代皇家青铜器研究提供了重要新资料。

The analysis proceeds with two pieces of bronze seated-dragon objects and one piece of bronze pedestal unearthed at the Jin-dynasty royal residence site at Taizicheng in Chongli of Hebei Province and the historical documents and excavated context for a classification of the io pieces of bronze seated-dragon statues with similar feature and gesture by shape and type ever discovered in China,reaching the conclusion in two aspects:First,the one,placed inside the grave as a guardian to exorcise evils,is identified to be the product of the Tang dynasty,whereas the rest,dated to the middle-late Jin Dynasty(1153-1234),are used by the royalty as decorative items or something alike,such as the dragon statue with lifting-leg gesture,it works as an ornament fixed to the crown chakra of the emperor's chariot of the Jin Dynasty.Second,the complete set of a bronze pedestal with a bronze seated dragon statue is the first excavated at the site of Taizicheng,which adds materials used for the research on the royal bronzes of the Jin Dynasty.