不同配置参数下立式葵花秆沙障防护效果研究

Protective Effect of Vertical Sunflower Stalk Sand Barriers Under Different Configuration Parameters

[目的]揭示障高(H)、孔隙度(P)与行距(R)3个沙障参数对立式葵花秆沙障防护效果的影响,为优化立式葵花秆沙障的参数配置及立式沙障防风治沙工程的开展提供理论依据。[方法]基于风速与输沙的野外观测数据,开展不同梯度参数配置下沙障的粗糙度、防风效果、阻沙效果变动特征研究。[结果]①0—50 cm高度内是沙障的主要防风区,相比裸沙丘沙障样地内的粗糙度提高了7.70~214.45倍,各规格沙障的防风效果在11.74%~59.45%范围内,阻沙效果在33.06%~92.23%范围内。②沙障的防风阻沙效果随障高增加而增加,随孔隙度和行距增加而降低,其障高对防风效果的影响大于孔隙度,孔隙度对阻沙效果的影响大于障高。③H(30 cm)-P(40%)-R(2 m),H(30 cm)-P(50%)-R(1 m),H(40 cm)-P(40%)-R(2 m),H(40 cm)-P(50%)-R(2 m)这4种规格沙障的防风效果与阻沙效果达到了35%与75%以上。[结论]立式葵花秆沙障能有效降低风速和输沙量,沙障参数是影响其防护效果的关键,其中影响沙障防风效果和阻沙效果的最主要参数分别是障高和孔隙度。

[Objective]The influences of barrier height(H),porosity(P),and row spacing(R)on the erosion protection of a vertical sunflower sand barrier were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the parameter configuration of a vertical sunflower stalk sand barrier and the development of a vertical sand barrier wind and sand control project.[Methods]Based on field observations of wind speed and sand transport,research on the variation characteristics of sand barrier roughness,windproof effect,and sand blocking effect under different parameter configurations was conducted.[Methods]①The main windproof area of the sand barrier was 0—50 cm above the soil surface.Compared with the roughness of the bare dune sand barrier,the roughness was increased by 7.70—214.45 times,the windproof effect of each specification of sand barrier was in the range of 11.74%—59.45%,and the sand barrier effect was in the range of 33.06%—92.23%.②The wind and sand barrier effect of the sand barrier increased with an increase in barrier height,and decreased with an increase in porosity and row spacing.The influence of barrier height on the wind protection effect was greater than the influence of porosity,and the influence of porosity on the sand barrier effect was greater than the influence of barrier height.③The windproof effect and sand barrier effect of H(30 cm)-P(40%)-R(2 m),H(30 cm)-P(50%)-R(1 m),H(40 cm)-P(40%)-R(2 m),H(40 cm)-P(50%)-R(2 m)reached 35%and 75%,respectively.[Conclusion]A vertical sunflower stalk sand barrier can effectively reduce wind speed and sand transport amount.Sand barrier parameters are the key to affecting the protective effect of a sand barrier.The most important parameters affecting the windproof effect and sand barrier effect of a sand barrier are barrier height and porosity.