基于生态产品价值的流域生态补偿标准核算研究——以海南省南渡江为例

Accounting for Ecological Compensation Standards in Watersheds Based on Value of Ecological Products—A Case Study of Nandu River Basin in Hainan Province

[目的]探索流域生态补偿标准在生态产品价值实现路径中的可操作性,为流域生态环境建设提供理论支撑。[方法]以海南省南渡江流域为研究区,基于生态损害赔偿、生态保护补偿理念,将其与InVEST模型和ArcGIS相结合,评估南渡江流域内主要生态系统服务,从生态系统服务变化的角度计算生态补偿标准。[结果]①2015—2020年,南渡江流域内生态系统服务具有明显的空间异质性,中上游地区水源涵养服务、土壤保持服务和水质净化服务能力较强,流域下游地区较低。②2015—2020年,流域内水源涵养价值在205.39~260.76亿元之间;土壤保持价值在19.11~20.39亿元之间;水质净化价值在2782.30~3233.92万元之间。水源涵养变化量价值在11.50~27.32亿元之间;土壤保持变化量价值在1137.16~10365.34万元之间;水质净化变化量价值在7.99~400.59万元之间。③根据3种服务功能价值量计算,南渡江流域2016—2020年生态补偿标准为90.62亿元,年生态补偿标准在11.82~28.36亿元之间。[结论]2015—2020年,南渡江流域生态系统服务价值在224.81~281.48亿元之间,流域2016—2020年生态补偿标准在11.82~28.36亿元之间。该流域中上游是提供综合生态系统服务的核心区域。

[Objective]The usefulness of watershed ecological compensation standards for obtaining the value of ecological products was studied in order to provide theoretical support for effective construction of ecological watershed environments.[Methods]The study was conducted at the Nandu River basin in Hainan Province.The InVEST model and ArcGIS were combined to assess the major ecosystem services within the Nandu River basin based on the concepts of ecological damage compensation and ecological protection compensation.The ecological compensation standard was calculated from the perspective of changes in ecosystem services.[Results]①Between 2015 and 2020,there was clear spatial heterogeneity in ecosystem services within the Nandu River basin,with higher capacity for water conservation services,sediment retention services,and water purification services in the middle and upper reaches of the Nandu River basin,and lower capacity in the lower reaches of the basin.②Between 2015 and 2020,the value of water conservation services in the watershed ranged from 2.05×10^(10)yuan to 2.61×10^(10)yuan;the value of sediment retention services ranged from 1.91×10^(9)yuan to 20.39×10^(8)yuan;and the value of water purification services ranged from 3.78×10^(7)yuan to 3.23×10^(7)yuan.The value of the volume of change in water conservation services ranged from 1.15×10^(9)yuan to 2.73×10^(9)yuan;the value of the volume of change in sediment retention services ranged from 1.34×10^(7)yuan to 1.04×10^(8)yuan;and the value of the volume of change in water purification services ranged from 7.99×104 yuan to 4.01×10^(6)yuan.③Based on the values of the three service functions,the ecological compensation standard for the Nandu River basin was 9.06×10^(9)yuan,and the annual ecological compensation standard ranged from 1.18×10^(9)yuan to 2.82×10^(10)yuan.[Conclusion]During 2015—2020,the value of ecosystem services in the Nandu River basin ranged from 2.25×10^(10)yuan to 2.82×10^(10)yuan.Between 2016 and 2020,the ecological compensation rate at the Nandu River basin ranged from 1.18×10^(9)yuan to 2.84×10^(9)yuan.The upper and middle reaches of the Nandu River basin were the core areas providing integrated ecosystem services.