量词“具”的起源及历史演变

Origin and Historical Evolution of the Quantifier“Ju”

结合出土文献,重新考察量词“具”的产生时代,明确了“具”作量词最早见于西周晚期;通过梳理量词“具”的发展演变历史,发现现当代才是“具”真正的衰落时期,纠正了前人提出的错误结论。量词“具”的称量对象主要为无生命之物,但也存在一种特殊用法,即与“身体”“躯体”人体类名词搭配,从而指称有生之人。从性质上来说,量词“具”最初应是集体量词,后兼有表集体与表个体两种用法,但语言明晰性的要求让“具”表集体量词的用法逐渐退出历史舞台,仅保留了个体量词的用法并使用至今。

Based on the unearthed documents,the author re-examines the generation era of the quantifier“Ju”,and makes clear that“Ju”as a quantifier was first seen in the late Western Zhou Dynasty.By sorting out the development and evolution history of the quantifier“Ju”,the author finds that modern and contemporary times sees the decline of the quantifier“Ju”,which corrects the wrong conclusion proposed by predecessors.The matching objects of the quantifier“Ju”are mainly inanimate objects,but there is also a special usage,which is used with body nouns to refer to living people.In terms of nature,the quantifier“Ju”was used as the collective quantifier at first,and then used both as the collective and individual quantifiers.However,the requirement of language clarity makes the use of“Ju”as a collective quantifier gradually withdraw from the historical stage,and only the use of individual quantifiers has been retained and used so far.