2006-2020年重庆市万州区乙型病毒性肝炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis B in Wanzhou district,Chongqing,2006-2020

目的对2006-2020年重庆市万州区乙肝监测数据进行分析,了解万州区乙肝流行病学特征,掌握公众乙肝知识知晓情况,为进一步科学制定乙肝防控措施和完善乙肝疫苗免疫策略提供依据。方法以中国疾病预防控制信息管理系统中传染病监测系统中万州区2006-2020年上报的乙肝个案病例为研究资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析重庆市万州区乙型病毒性肝炎流行病学特征。结果2006-2020年万州区共计报告乙肝病例19860例,年平均报告发病率为84.87/10万。城镇、农村乙肝年平均报告发病率分别为63.71/10万、115.38/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=681.443,P<0.001)。报告病例中15~<60岁发病年龄段占比最大,占比为79.45%(15779/19860),各年龄段构成差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4660.519,P<0.001)。报告病例中职业占比最多为农民占45.09%(8955/19860)。乙肝知识知晓情况调查中“抗病毒治疗可有效延缓乙肝病程发展”和“新生儿出生后及时接种乙肝疫苗的时间”的知晓率较低,分别为36.36%、36.76%。结论乙肝疫苗免费接种政策在乙肝防治工作中起到巨大作用,农村地区乙肝发病占比仍较高,同时公众对乙肝疫苗接种相关知识的知晓情况仍然不理想。加强乙肝疫苗知识宣讲,特别是新生儿乙肝疫苗接种,以及针对农村区域、重点人群进行乙肝防治知识宣讲可成为今后乙肝防控策略的调整方向。

Objective To analyze the hepatitis B surveillance data in Wanzhou district,Chongqing city from 2006 to 2020,understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Wanzhou District and master the public knowledge of hepatitis B,and provide a basis for further scientific formulation of hepatitis B prevention and control measures and improvement of hepatitis B vaccine immunization strategy. Methods Taking the hepatitis B cases reported in Wanzhou district from 2006 to 2020 in the infectious disease surveillance system of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information Management System as the research data;descriptive epidemiological methods were used,and Excel 2010software and SPSS 23.0 were used for data processing. Results From 2006 to 2020,a total of 19 860 cases of hepatitis B were reported in Wanzhou,with an average annual incidence of 84.87/100 000. The average reported incidence of hepatitis B in urban and rural areas was 63.71/100 000 and 115.38/100 000,respectively,there was a significant differences between urban and rural areas(χ^(2)=681.443,P<0.001). Among the hepatitis B cases,the age group of 15-59 years old has the largest proportion,accounting for 79.45%(15 779/19 860). There was a statistically significant difference in the age group composition of the cases during the 15 years. The top one occupations were farmers,accounting for 45.09%. In the questionnaire survey conducted in 2020,the public had the lower awareness rate,36.36% and 36.76%,of the knowledge that antiviral therapy could effectively delay the development of hepatitis B disease and the time of timely hepatitis B vaccination was less than 24 hours after birth. Conclusions The policy of free vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine had played a great role in the prevention and control of hepatitis B. The incidence rate of hepatitis B in rural areas was still high,and the public ' s knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine was not ideal. Strengthening the publicity of hepatitis B vaccine,especially the vaccination of newborn,as well as the publicity of hepatitis B prevention and control knowledge for rural areas and key populations should be the direction of adjustment of hepatitis B prevention and control strategy in the future.