论两种“卦主岁”

On Two Kinds of“Hexagrams Governing Years”

谷永元延元年的奏议中陈说的“三难异科”,分别与《齐诗》、历法和旱灾相关。其中“无妄之卦运”不仅与旱灾有关,还与隐藏于史籍中的京氏易八宫卦“卦主岁”知识有关。钩沉史料,可以证明八宫卦主岁理论确实存在。另外,《易纬·乾凿度》中还存在基于《周易》卦序的“卦主岁”。通过研究《乾凿度》中记载的卦主岁基本原理,结合前人之说,可以发现,《易纬·乾凿度》六十四卦主岁的具体安排与其所述原理并不尽合,具体的某卦主岁还与卦之阴阳及“六日七分”有关。历史上应该存在过以京氏易八宫卦序为基础和以今本《周易》卦序为基础的两种卦主岁。

Three different analyses of anomaly mentioned in one of Gu Yong's(d.11 BCE)memorials to Han Emperor Cheng(r.33-7 BCE)in 12 BCE were closely related to the Qi edition of the Book of Poetry,calendar,and drought respectively,all deeply related to the study of the Yi.Among them,“the prognosis of anomaly correlated to Wuwang hexagram[■,Sincerity,25]”is related not only to drought,but also to the idea that“a hexagram governs a certain year of anomaly”found in the eight-palace system of Jing Fang's(77-37 BCE)Yi zhuan(Commentary on the Changes).Excavation of historical documents demonstrates that the theory of eight palace hexagrams governing years did exist.In addition,there is another“hexagrams govern years”theory in the Qianzaodu(Opening Up the Regularities of the Hexagram Qian)chapter in the Yiwei(Apocrypha of the Changes),which is based on the order of the hexagrams in the received version of the Zhouyi.Through studying the basic principles in the Qian zaodu and combining predecessors'theories,we can find that the specific arrangement of the sixty-four hexagrams and the theoretical principles in the book were not completely in alignment.The specific governing of years by hexagrams is related to the arrangement of yin and yang within hexagrams and the“six days and seven divisions”theory.In history,there should have existed two versions of the theory that“hexagrams govern years”:one was based on Jing Fang's eight-palace order;the other was based on the order of the hexagrams in the received version of the Zhou Changes.