中国有色金属采选企业用地时空格局演化及其驱动力

Spatio-temporal evolution and its driving factors of non-ferrous mining sites in China

有色金属采选作为中国制造业支柱产业之一,在支撑国民经济发展的同时也是重金属污染防控的重点,掌握其企业用地空间格局及驱动力对推进产业布局优化及环境污染统筹治理意义重大,但当前对全国尺度有色采选企业用地格局演化研究仍较为欠缺,难以满足国土空间优化及产业污染防控实际需要。本文基于地理大数据、网络地图POI和环境专题数据等多源信息融合,获取高分辨率企业用地数据,借助GIS分析方法研究了中国有色采选企业用地时空格局与演变特征,并采用空间回归模型探讨了其驱动因素。结果显示,中国有色采选场地增长总体经历了早期平稳缓慢发展(20世纪初—1978年)、改革开放后逐渐增长至达峰(1979—2006年)、随后趋稳(2007—2019年)的发展趋势;空间上,由湘东南、滇东向资源和能源丰富的中西部地区不断扩展,并呈现出显著的聚集,聚焦特征逐渐增强,最终形成了以滇东、湘赣粤结合区、皖南、豫西为核心热区,西北、东北等局部为副核心热区的“四核多副”聚集模式。上述时空演变特征受到资源禀赋、路径依赖及前期鼓励性产业政策的正向推动,但2010年后密集推出的限制性产业及环保政策对有色采选企业用地的扩展具有明显的抑制作用。本文可为相关产业优化宏观战略决策及环境空间治理提供科学依据。同时,本文提出的应用多源地理大数据技术构建全国尺度高精度企业用地信息数据集的方法体系,也可为大区域尺度的相关评估工作提供方法参考。

As one of the pillar industries,the non-ferrous mining industry has caused severe environmental problems while supporting the development of the national economy.Understanding the spatial pattern and driving force of non-ferrous mining industrial sites(NMISs)is of great significance in promoting the optimization of industrial layout and the overall control of environmental pollution.However,the current research on the evolution of the national distribution pattern of NMISs is still insufficient,which is challenging to meet the actual needs of the existing related industry and environmental protection situation.In this paper,we obtained a high-resolution NMISs dataset,based on multi-source information fusion,including geographic big data,Gaode POI,and special environmental data.We also investigated the spatio-temporal pattern,evolution characteristics,and driving factors of NMISs from the beginning of the 20th century to 2019 based on the spatial regression model and the GIS platform.The results showed that the growth of NMISs in China has generally experienced a stable and slow development trend in the early period(before 1978),gradually reaching a peak after the reform and opening up(1979-2006),and then stabilizing again(2007-).With the continuous enhancement of spatial agglomeration of NMISs,the hotspot areas gradually extended from southeast Hunan and central Yunnan to central and western China,which is rich in resources and energy,presenting an agglomeration pattern of"four cores and multiple sub-cores".The cores include eastern Yunnan,the Hunan-Jiangxi-Guangdong junction area,southern Anhui,and western Henan.The sub-cores included parts of Northwest and Northeast China.Further,the above spatio-temporal evolution characteristics were controlled by the positive promotion of resource endowment,path dependence,and the earlier encouraging industrial policy.However,we observed the emerging negative restraining effect on the recent pattern of NMISs from the tightening of related restrictive industrial and environmental policies introduced intensively after 2010.This paper could provide a reliable scientific basis and information support for optimizing related macro-strategic decision-making and environmental spatial governance by analyzing spatio-temporal patterns and the driving factors of China's NMISs.Furthermore,this study proposed the methodological system for constructing national-scale high-precision industrial site datasets by applying multi-source geographic big data technology.The current paper also provided a new perspective and ideas for the related assessment at a large regional scale.