知识产权侵权诉讼中证据保全的模式重构与类型析解

THE PATTERN RECONSTRUCTION AND TYPE ANALYSIS OF THE EVIDENCE PRESERVING SYSTEM IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INFRINGEMENT LITIGATION

在知识产权侵权诉讼中,关于侵权行为及损害金额的证据往往较易灭失且不易收集,需要通过证据保全固定证据资料并强化当事人的事证收集能力。由于性质定位的异化,我国知识产权侵权诉讼中证据保全的运行存在着制度功能单一、要件审查模糊以及两造利益保护失衡等诸多问题。大陆法系采取了实体法与程序法相结合的二维模式以及程序法单行的一维模式两种路径对知识产权侵权诉讼中的证据保全予以规制。证据保全本质上应当属于预先进行的证据调查。从类型化的视角出发,知识产权侵权诉讼中的证据保全制度应区分为证据可能灭失型及确定事物现状型两种。我国立法应当扩充确定事物现状类型的证据保全,明确不同类型证据保全的适用要件,在厘清其证据调查性质的基础上,采取与各类证据方法相适应的具体措施,同时兼顾当事人的程序保障与商业秘密的保护,如此才能充分发挥证据保全制度强化知识产权保护的应有效能。

In intellectual property actions,the evidence of infringements and the amount of damage is easy to lose and hard to collect,and the evidence preservation system is needed to fix the evidence and strengthen the parties'ability to collect evidence.Due to the alienation of the positioning,there are many problems with the evidence preservation system in intellectual property infringement litigation in China,such as single system function,vague requirement examination,and unbalanced protection of both interests.The civil law system adopts two paths of the evidence preservation system in intellectual property infringement litigation.One is combining substantive and procedural laws,and the other is only using the procedural law.The essence of the evidence preservation should be evidence investigation in advance.Starting from a typological perspective,the evidence preservation system can be divided into two types,the type of possibility of a loss of evidence and that of the determination of the current status of things.The legislation in China should expand the type of determining the status of things,clarify the applicable requirements of different types of the evidence preservation,take specific measures appropriate to various evidence methods on the basis of clarifying the nature of evidence investigation,and give consideration to the procedural protection of the parties and the protection of trade secrets,so as to give full play to the effectiveness of the evidence preservation system in strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights.