基于红外相机技术的海南长臂猿分布区林冠层伴生鸟兽多样性的研究

Diversity of companion mammals and birds based on infrared camera trapping in the forest canopy of Hainan gibbon range

为了探究海南长臂猿(Nomascus hainanus)同域分布的兽类和鸟类的多样性、年活动格局以及海拔分布格局,2019年1月至2020年6月,在海南长臂猿分布区林冠层布设红外相机共记录到3目4科10种兽类,其中,国家一级重点保护动物2种,相对丰富度居于兽类前3位分别为海南长臂猿(58.44)、海南鼯鼠(Petaurista hainana)(17.78)和红颊长吻松鼠(Dremomys rufigenis)(14.34)。红外相机共记录到6目11科20种鸟类,其中,属于国家级保护动物10种,相对丰富度较高的鸟类有山皇鸠(Ducula badia)(44.92)、厚嘴绿鸠(Treron curvirostra)(20.23)和班头鸺鹠(Glaucidium cuculoides)(6.74)。海南长臂猿和海南鼯鼠的月相对丰富度表现出相似性,旱季活动较为频繁,雨季减弱;其他兽类和鸟类的月相对丰富度则与季节无显著相关。兽类多样性随着海拔升高呈单调递减趋势,在海拔600~800 m物种多样性水平最高;鸟类多样性指数随海拔增加而先增加后减小。本研究揭示了海南长臂猿同域分布区林冠层伴生鸟兽组成,为海南长臂猿栖息地修复及生态廊道建设提供了基于动物多样性的重要资料。

Infrared camera technology is increasingly used in wildlife diversity surveys and long-term monitoring,mainly focusing on the research of ground-dwelling birds and mammals,but less on highly arboreal endangered species,such as Hainan gibbons and associated species diversity.From January 2019 to June 2020,66 infrared cameras were deployed in the forest canopy of the Hainan gibbon sympatric distribution area to explore the diversity of mammals and bird,the seasonality of activity intensity and changes with altitude gradients.A total of 10 species of mammals that belonged to 3 orders and 4 families were recorded,of which 2 species were under national Class II protection.The three mammals with the highest relative abundance were Hainan gibbon(Nomascus hainanus)(RAI=58.44),Petaurista hainana(RAI=17.78)and Dremomys rufigenis(RAI=14.34).There were 20 species of birds belonging to 6 orders and 11 families recorded,of which 10 species were listed under national Class II protection and three of them,Ducula badia,Treron curvirostra and Glaucidium cuculoides,were higher in relative abundance index(44.92,20.23 and 6.74,respectively).Hainan gibbons and Petaurista hainana showed similar monthly relative abundance,with their activities being high in the dry season and low in the wet season;while other mammals and birds were not significantly correlated with seasons.The diversity of mammals showed a monotonical decrease with the increase of altitude,and had the highest level of species diversity in the range of 600~800 m asl.The diversity index of birds first increased and then decreased with the increase of altitude.This study revealed for the first time the composition of companion birds and mammals in the same area where Hainan gibbons were distributed,providing a reference for habitat restoration and ecological corridor construction of Hainan gibbons based on animal diversity in the Bawangling area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.