电动汽车驱动电机控制策略的分析与研究

Analysis and Research on Control Strategy of Electric Vehicle Drive Motor

【目的】近年来,新能源汽车发展势头迅猛,亟须开发高效的电机控制策略,以确定新能源汽车最理想、最有效的电机控制方案。【方法】课题组采用文献法综述了国内外学者对新能源汽车驱动电机控制策略的研究情况,主要包括汽车驱动电机类型、电机控制技术、电机控制算法等几个方面。【结果】对于不同类型的驱动电机,其最佳控制策略也不一样。相比永磁电机,感应电机的控制技术更成熟,其电机模型参数的建立和分析也更容易实现。在电机控制算法上,模糊逻辑控制因具有稳态误差小、可靠性高、算法结构简单等诸多优点,现已在高能效、高控制精度的永磁同步电机上得到广泛采用。但在模糊量的计算(数据的模糊化和去模糊化)过程中需要应用大量经验数据,这就需要大量的专业知识和处理此类算法的经验。【结论】未来,随着永磁同步电机及控制技术的进步,具备高能效、高功率密度、高控制精度的永磁同步电机将是车用驱动电机的主流机型。围绕电机控制的高效节能,为实现系统最优控制,应根据汽车运行工况要求采用多种电机控制技术和控制算法相结合的控制策略。

[Objective]In recent years,the development of new energy vehicles has been rapid,and it is urgent to develop efficient motor control strategies to determine the most ideal and effective motor control scheme for new energy vehicles.[Method]The research group used literature review to summarize the research status of domestic and foreign scholars on the control strategies of new energy vehicle drive motors,mainly including the types of vehicle drive motors,motor control technologies,motor control algorithms,and other aspects.[Result]The optimal control strategy varies for different types of drive motors.Compared to permanent magnet motors,the control technology of induction motors is more mature,and the establishment and analysis of motor model parameters are also easier to achieve.In terms of motor control algorithms,fuzzy logic control has been widely adopted in high energy efficiency and high control accuracy permanent magnet synchronous motors due to its advantages such as small steady-state error,high reliability,and simple algorithm structure.However,in the process of fuzzy quantity calculation(data fuzzification and defuzzification),a large amount of empirical data needs to be applied,which requires a large amount of professional knowledge and experience in dealing with such algorithms.[Conclusion]In the future,with the progress of permanent magnet synchronous motors and control technology,permanent magnet synchronous motors with high energy efficiency,high power density,and high control accuracy will be the mainstream model of vehicle drive motors.To achieve optimal control of the system,a control strategy that combines multiple motor control technologies and control algorithms should be adopted based on the requirements of the vehicle’s operating conditions,focusing on efficient and energy-saving motor control.