影响学龄前儿童慢性肾病的母婴相关因素分析

Analysis of Maternal and Infant Related Factors Influencing Chronic Kidney Disease in Preschool Children

目的:探究影响学龄前儿童慢性肾病(CKD)的母婴相关因素。方法:选取2019年1月—2022年2月江门市中心医院儿内科收治的100例患有CKD的学龄前儿童纳入肾病研究组,选取同期于本院体检中心正常体检的80例未发生CKD的学龄前儿童作为健康对照组。向纳入研究的调查对象分发问卷,问卷内容包括可能同儿童CKD有关的母婴因素共10个条目,患儿监护人根据实际情况给予回答。回收调查问卷,并分析母婴相关因素同学龄前儿童发生CKD的关系。结果:肾病研究组出生时体重≤2 500 g占比高于健康对照组,母亲妊娠过程中合并糖尿病、高脂血症占比高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic多因素回归分析结果显示,出生时体重≤2 500 g、母亲妊娠过程中合并糖尿病、高脂血症为学龄前儿童发生CKD的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:出生时体重≤2 500 g、母亲妊娠过程中合并糖尿病、高脂血症为学龄前儿童发生CKD的独立危险因素,妊娠期间密切关注产妇身体基本情况、基础疾病及胎儿出生时体重,对日后发生CKD风险具有较高的评估价值。

Objective:To explore the maternal and infant related factors influencing chronic kidney disease(CKD)in preschool children.Method:A total of 100 preschool children with CKD admitted to the Department of Pediatrics at Jiangmen Central Hospital from January 2019 to February 2022 were selected for inclusion in the nephropathy research group,at the same time,80 preschool children without CKD during normal physical examinations at our hospital's Physical Examination Center were selected as the healthy control group.A questionnaire to the survey subjects included in the study was distributed,which included a total of 10 items related to maternal and infant factors that may be related to children's CKD.The guardians of the children provided answers based on the actual situation.Retrieved survey questionnaires and analyzed the relationship between maternal and infant related factors and the occurrence of CKD in preschool children.Result:The proportion of birth weight of≤2500 g of the nephropathy research group was higher than that of the healthy control group,and the proportion of mothers with diabetes and hyperlipidemia during pregnancy were higher than those of the healthy control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).logistic multi factor regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for CKD in preschool children were birth weight≤2500 g,mother with diabetes hyperlipidemia and during pregnancy(P<0.05).Conclusion:Birth weight≤2500 g,diabetes and hyperlipidemia in the pregnancy of the mother are independent risk factors for CKD in preschool children.During pregnancy,pay close attention to the basic physical condition of the mother,basic diseases and the birth weight of the fetus,which has high evaluation value for the risk of CKD in the future.