摘要
Twisted(vortex)particles with intninsicorbital angular momenta(OAMs)even in free space areof significant importancein modem physics and have important aplications.Twisted photons and electrons were discoveredin 1992 and 2010,respectively.The maximum observed OAMs were about 10000 for photons and 1000h for electrons.Recently,twisted neutrons,atoms,and molecules werealso discovered.Ina magnetic field,charged particles move ina helicaltra-jectory(on acirclein the transverseplane).In thequantum-mechanical picture,a particle trajectory cannot bedefined,butits equations ofmotionareequivalentto the coresponding classical ones.Twisted particles in free space are not under the influence of any external forces.Twisted states appear as the coherent su-perpositions of noninteracting partial de Broglie waves with different directions of transverse momenta.
基金
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants No.12175320,11975320,and No.12175319)
the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(grant No.2022A1515010280)
by the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(grant No.2019VMA0019).
