电解液添加剂稳定水系电池锌负极界面的研究进展

Research progress and prospect on electrolyte additives for stabilizing the zinc anode interface in aqueous batteries

水系锌金属电池(AZMBs)由于价格低廉、安全性高,在大规模储能领域极具潜力。然而,锌金属在常规水系电解液中并不稳定,界面处容易产生锌枝晶、析氢和腐蚀等副反应,导致AZMBs循环寿命较短。其中,电解液添加剂可以有效调控锌负极界面的化学特性和反应过程,显著提升其界面稳定性,大幅延长AZMBs的循环寿命。因此,对电解液添加剂稳定锌负极的相关研究进行总结,并对目前存在的关键问题提出新的解决思路非常必要。本文通过对近期相关文献进行探讨,简要介绍了锌负极目前面临的主要挑战及其相关机理,重点阐述了电解液添加剂对锌负极界面的主要调控机制,包括设计静电屏蔽层、贫水双电层(EDL)、原位固体电解质界面(SEI)层以及调控锌离子溶剂化鞘层。此外,还对不同添加剂类型进行了分类讨论,包括阳离子型、阴离子型、有机小分子型、有机聚合物型和其他类型,并分析了其各自的调控机理和对电化学性能的影响。最后,本文还对电解液添加剂策略稳定锌负极的未来发展方向提出了展望。

Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are gaining popularity in large-scale energy storage owing to their low cost and high safety.However,the unstable nature of the zinc metal in conventional aqueous electrolytes leads to the occurrence of zinc dendrite and side reactions such as hydrogen evolution and corrosion tend to occur at the interface,ultimately resulting in a shorter cycling life of AZMBs.To effectively regulate the chemical properties and reaction processes at the zinc anode interface and improve interfacial stability,electrolyte additive are used that can greatly extend the cycling life of AZMBs.Therefore,it is highly necessary to summarize the relevant research on electrolyte additives stabilizing the zinc anode,and propose new solutions to the key issues currently present.This paper provides examines the literature on the challenges faced and mechanisms of zinc anode,emphasizing the regulation mechanisms of electrolyte additives,including the design of an electrostatic shielding layer,water-poor double electric layer,in situ solid electrolyte interface layer and regulation of the zinc-ion solvation shell.In addition,different types of additives were classified and discussed,including cationic,anionic,organic small molecule,organic polymer,and others,and their respective regulation mechanisms and effects on electrochemical performance were analyzed.Ultimately,the study proposes new prospects for the development of electrolyte additive strategies to stabilize zinc negative electrodes.