3D打印混凝土打印喷头的研究进展

Research progress of printing head of 3D printing concrete

3D打印混凝土技术是一种利用打印喷头选择性地叠加混凝土材料的成型方法,该技术以数字制造、降维制造、堆积制造、直接制造、快速制造等特点为绿色建筑业发展提供了新思路。3D打印混凝土设备的机械系统具备材料混合、搅拌和挤出打印3个主要功能,主要由混料装置、供料传送装置、打印装置和机架组成。打印喷头是3D打印混凝土设备机械系统的关键部件,不仅要满足均质浆料能够顺利挤出的需求,还应保证打印出的构件不坍塌并具备良好的层间结合强度等。因此,打印喷头的结构设计也是设备研制的重要任务之一。本文系统地总结了国内外3D打印混凝土成型工艺,按照功能特征分类介绍了3D打印混凝土设备的打印喷头,对其结构及工作原理进行了分析。

3D concrete printing technology is a molding method that uses the printing head to selectively stack concrete materials.It provides a new idea for the development of green construction industry with the characteristics of digital manufacturing,dimension reduction manufacturing,stacking manufacturing,direct manufacturing and rapid manufacturing.The mechanical system of 3D concrete printing equipment generally has three functions,including material mixing,stirring and extrusion printing.It is mainly composed of mixing device,feeding conveyor,printing device and frame.The printing head is a key component of the mechanical system for a 3D concrete printing equipment.It not only needs to provide a guarantee of smooth extrusion of homogeneous slurry,but also ensure that the printed components will not collapse and have sufficient interlayer bonding strength.Therefore,the mechanical design of the printing head is one of important tasks.The 3D concrete printing process at home and abroad was summarized.The printing head of 3D printing concrete equipment according to its functional characteristics was introduced,meanwhile,its structure and working principle was analyzed.