我国农村土地经营权制度的发展困境和路径研究

A Study on the Development Dilemma and the Path of Rural Land Management Right System in China

土地经营权是“三权分置”政策施行下独立出来的一个全新权能概念,但其与土地所有权、土地承包权仍有着密不可分的联系。土地产权理论框架下的土地经营权制度具有深厚的理论背景、清晰的发展脉络和具体的现实困境,体现出理论逻辑、历史逻辑和实践逻辑的统一。当前“三权分置”背景下农村土地流转进程发展迅速,然而土地经营权本身还存在着概念和法律界定上的理论难题,在流转过程中也存在土地流转不规范、承包农户的土地经营权受侵害、土地所有权承包权受侵害和配套政策设施不完善等现实困境。发展和完善土地经营权制度,确保土地经营权流转机制畅通,需要加强制度设计和法律规范,增强土地流转配套服务与管理,从而推动“三权分置”政策扎实落地。

Land management right is a new power concept from the implementation of the policy of"three rights separation",but it is still closely related to land ownership and land contract right.Under the framework of the theory of land property right,the land management right system has a profound theoretical background,a clear development path and a specific realistic predicament,which reflects the unity of theoretical logic,historical logic and practical logic.At present,under the background of"three rights separation",the rural land transfer process is developing rapidly.However,the land management right itself still has theoretical problems in concept and legal definition.In the transfer process,there exists practical difficulties such as non-standard land transfer,infringement of the land management right of contracted farmers,infringement of the land ownership contract right and imperfect supporting policy and facilities.To develop and perfect land management right and ensure the smooth transfer mechanism of land management right,it is necessary to strengthen the system design and legal norms,and enhance the supporting services and management of land transfer,so as to promote the solid implementation of the policy of"three rights separation".