浙南某电镀园区地下水污染时空变迁及成因分析

Temporal and Spatial Changes and Causes of Groundwater Pollution in an Electroplating Park in Southern Zhejiang Province

由于电镀企业的规模化集聚,长时间的生产对区域地下水环境具有一定的影响。文章定量分析了浙南某电镀园区地下水近十年特征污染物的空间分布特征,结果表明,该电镀园区地下水存在一定程度的污染,其中2011年电镀园区地下水超标因子有pH值、高锰酸盐指数、硫酸盐、氨氮、氯化物、氟化物、氰化物、锌、铜、镍、铁,这主要是废水管道泄漏及企业粗放式生产所致,同时地下水与地表水的水力交换也是导致电镀园区地下水高锰酸盐指数、氨氮超标的一个重要原因。经过当地环保部门在行政和技术上的有效监管,2014~2017年园区地下水环境明显好转。电镀企业长时间生产势必会对区域内的地下水和地表水带来一定的污染风险,随着2021年园区地下水污染扩散排查工作的推进,园区内及周边扩散点位的地下水质均为V类,说明园区内电镀企业可能为主要污染源,园区周边地下水及地表水环境质量均受到了园区的影响。对电镀园区污染物时空分布特征及成因进行分析,对后期地下水污染风险管控和治理具有重要支持作用。

Due to the large-scale agglomeration of electroplating enterprises,long-term production has a certain impact on regional groundwater environment.The paper quantitatively analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of characteristic pollutants in the groundwater of an electroplating park in southern Zhejiang in recent ten years,the results showed that there was a certain degree of pollution in the groundwater of the electroplating park,the factors exceeding the standard in 2011 included pH value,permanganate index,sulfate,ammonia nitrogen,chloride,fluoride,cyanide,zinc,copper,nickel,iron,this is mainly caused by the leakage of wastewater pipeline and the extensive production of enterprises.At the same time,the hydraulic exchange between groundwater and surface water will also lead to the abnormal permanganate index and ammonia nitrogen of groundwater in electroplating park.Through effective administrative and technical supervision by the local environmental protection department,the groundwater environment in the park improved significantly from 2014 to 2017.Long-term production of electroplating enterprises is bound to cause certain pollution risks to regional groundwater and surface water,after the investigation of groundwater pollution diffusion in the park in 2021,the underground water quality at the diffusion points in and around the park is Class V,indicating that electroplating enterprises in the park may be the main pollution source,and the environmental quality of groundwater and surface water around the park has been affected by the park.The analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and causes of pollutants in electroplating park has important support for the control or treatment of groundwater pollution risk in the later period.