校园庭园户外遮阳对夏季热舒适的影响

Effect of Outdoor Shading on Thermal Comfort in Summer in Campus

探究寒冷干旱地区庭园室外空间设计中的遮阳效应对行人热舒适的影响机制,为建筑师优化室外空间形态设计、调控室外热环境、促进公共活动提供依据。以兰州理工大学典型庭园——槐园为例,通过对庭园空间测绘、室外空间形态类型解析、室外微气候实测、室外热舒适计算,并进行相关性分析,研究庭园空间形态指标与室外微气候要素和人体热舒适指标的耦合关系。结果显示:室外空间形态的覆盖要素指标天穹可见度(SVF),围合要素指标界面通透度(WSP)对夏季庭园室外微气候的空气温度影响显著,进而影响室外热舒适指标。因此,寒冷干旱地区庭园室外空间设计中,可以利用遮阳效应和通风效应优化建筑与植物、水体景观组合的空间形态,以此调控室外微气候并促进室外热舒适。

The exploration into the influence mechanism of shading effect on pedestrian thermal comfort in outdoor garden space design in cold and arid areas could provide basis for architects to optimize outdoor space design,regulate outdoor thermal environment,and facilitate public activities.Taking the typical garden space"Huai Yuan"in Lanzhou University of Technology as an example,this paper focuses on the coupling relationship between the garden space pattern index,outdoor microclimate elements and human thermal comfort index through the correlation analysis of the garden space mapping,outdoor space pattern analysis,outdoor microclimate measurement and outdoor thermal comfort calculation.As shown by the results,the coverage factor index of outdoor space pattern such as sky visibility(SVF)and enclosure factor index(interface permeability(WSP))have a significant impact on the air temperature of outdoor garden microclimate in summer,and further affect the outdoor thermal comfort index.Therefore,the shading effect and ventilation effect can be used to optimize the spatial pattern of the combination of buildings,plants and water landscape so as to regulate the outdoor microclimate and promote outdoor thermal comfort in the design of outdoor garden space in cold and arid areas.