生物膜微塑料吸附重金属复合污染的研究进展

Research Progress in Combined Pollution of Heavy Metals Adsorbed by Biofilm-coated Microplastics

在水环境中大量存在的微塑料已经成为全球关注的重要环境问题。微塑料比表面积大、疏水性强,易吸附水环境中的重金属,表面被微生物定殖形成生物膜后,对重金属的吸附能力进一步增强,成为重金属的载体,形成复合污染物。复合污染物在水环境中广泛传播,造成更加严重的环境风险。该文对微塑料覆载生物膜吸附重金属所形成的复合污染的研究进展进行了深入的分析和总结,从微塑料覆载生物膜的基本特征、生物膜微塑料对重金属的吸附,以及作为重金属载体的作用等方面进行了综述,并提出生物膜微塑料与重金属相互作用研究中亟待解决的问题及未来的研究方向,为进一步评估微塑料覆载生物膜的环境行为和生态风险提供支撑。

Microplastics,widely found in water environment at present,have caused a critical environmental problem of global concerns.Having the characteristics of large specific surface area and hydrophobicity,microplastics are liable to adsorb heavy metals contained in water environment.When microplastics’surface has been colonized by microorganisms to form biofilms,their capacity of heavy-metal adsorption will be further enhanced,thus turning into the carrier of heavy metals and forming a sort of compound pollutants which spread widely in the water environment,causing intensified environmental risks.In this paper,the combined pollution of adsorption of heavy-metal by the biofilm-coated microplastics was analyzed and summarized;moreover,the basic characters of the biofilm,the adsorption of heavy metals on biofilm-coated microplastics,and the role that biofilm-coated microplastics as the carriers of heavy metals were reviewed.In addition,the problems that badly need to be address,and the future research orientation in terms of the perspective probing into the interaction between biofilmcoated microplastics and heavy metals were suggested,thus providing reference for further assessment of environmental behavior and the ecological risk of biofilm-coated microplastics.