不同抑尘模式对道路扬尘控制效率的影响分析

Analysis on Road Fly-dust Control Efficiency with Different Deposited Dust Suppression Modes

为评估不同道路积尘负荷和抑尘模式下的道路扬尘控制措施效率,进而高效治理扬尘并节约作业成本,该文以河南省郑州市中心城区部分道路为研究对象,对各抑尘方式实施前后道路积尘负荷和大气污染浓度进行监测对比。结果表明:(1)随着道路积尘等级从优到差,道路扬尘控制效率总体上呈现先升后降的趋势。当积尘等级为良、差时,扬尘控制效率均为高压清洗+洗扫收边>洗扫收边>对冲+洗扫收边,高压清洗+洗扫收边在积尘等级为良时,扬尘控制效率最高(22%~33%)。(2)雾炮的道路扬尘控制效率(11.35%~22.06%)大于洒水作业(2.45%~14.86%)。无论是洒水还是雾炮,PM_(10)的治理效果都优于PM_(2.5)。(3)洒水作业对大气污染颗粒物PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)改善的维持时间约为30 min,而雾炮的影响时间至少为2 h。以上结论可为环境保护部门应对城市道路扬尘污染的精准、高效及节能治理提供理论依据。

For the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of road fly-dust control measures in case where the modes of deposited-dust load and dust suppression in different road conditions were applied,upgrading the efficiency of fly-dust suppression,and saving the cost of dust control operation,a case study was conducted in the central urban area of Zhengzhou City in Henan Province,carrying out monitoring of the deposited-dust load and the concentrations of air pollutant(deposit dust,PM),and comparing the effects of implementing different dust suppression methods.The results of the case study revealed along with the grade of suppressing deposit dust declined,the efficiency of road fly-dust suppression,in general,tended to be increasing at first and then decreasing;despite the grade of deposited-dust(being fine or poor),the efficiency of the following three fly-dust suppression measures could be arranged in order of decreasing magnitude:“high pressure cleaning+washing/sweeping road both sides”>“washing/sweeping road both sides”>“flushing+washing/sweeping road both sides”,when the grade of deposited-dust load of using“high pressure cleaning+washing/sweeping road both sides”was being“fine”,flydust suppression efficiency reached the highest(22%~33%).The road fly-dust control efficiency of the fog cannon(11.35%~22.06%)was higher than that of the sprinkler operation(2.45%~14.86%),and control effect for PM_(10) was better than that for PM_(2.5) whether spraying water or using fog cannon was adopted;and the time of maintaining improvement of air pollutants(PM_(2.5) and PM_(10))concentrations by sprinkler operation was about 30 minutes,while by the fog cannon was at least 2 hours.In conclusion,to better deal with urban road fly-dust pollution,it is expected that results of this analytic study may provide a theoretical basis for the environmental protection institution.