西北某油田职工听力损失的影响因素分析

Analysis on influencing factors of hearing loss among workers in a Northwestern Oilfield

目的通过对西北某油田60岁以下职工听力损失影响因素的分析,为更好地保护油田职工的听力健康提供科学依据。方法选择2018年在油田职工医院进行职业健康检查的5671例60岁以下西北某油田职工作为研究对象,结合听力测试结果、职工基本信息和作业场所噪声强度检测结果,应用卡方检验、分类树模型和logistic回归模型分析油田职工听力损失的影响因素。结果研究对象中共163例出现听力损失,听力损失率为2.9%。分类树模型结果显示油田职工听力损失率主要与职工的工龄、岗位、接触噪声、性别以及高血压有关,其中,工龄是油田职工听力损失的首要影响因素。Logistic回归分析结果显示男性职工听力损失风险是女性职工的1.970倍(95%CI:1.344~2.886);工龄≥20年和10~<20年的职工听力损失风险分别是工龄<10年者的4.269倍(95%CI:2.580~7.064)和1.978倍(95%CI:1.155~3.388);运行岗职工听力损失风险是管理岗/后勤岗职工的2.269倍(95%CI:1.602~3.214);患有高血压的职工听力损失风险是不患有高血压者的1.627倍(95%CI:1.059~2.501)。结论油田职工听力损失与工龄、性别、岗位以及是否患有高血压等多种因素有关,应及早采取有针对性的预防措施,保护油田职工听力健康。

Objective In this study,we aimed to provide a scientific basis for protecting the hearing health of oilfield workers according to the analysis of factors influencing the hearing loss among workers under 60 years old in a Northwestern Oilfield.Methods There were 5671 workers under the age of 60 who had an occupational health examination in an Oilfield staff hospital in 2018.Based on the hearing test results,basic information and noise intensity test results,we used the chi-square test,classification tree model and logistic regression model to analyze the influence factors of hearing loss.Results A total of 163 workers experienced hearing loss,with a hearing loss rate of 2.9%.The classification tree model showed that the hearing loss rate of oilfield workers was mainly related to the length of service,operation post,contact noise,gender and hypertension,among which,the length of service was the most primary influencing factor.Logistic regressionmodel showed there were 1.970 times more risk of hearing loss among male workers than female workers(95%CI:1.344-2.886);And the risk of hearing loss among workers with length of service≥20 a and 10-<20 a was 4.269 times(95%CI:2.580-7.064)and 1.978 times(95%CI:1.155-3.388)higher than that inworkers with length of service less than 10 a,respectively;The risk of hearing loss among operation post was 2.269 times higher than that of management/logistics staff(95%CI:1.602-3.214);Additionally,workers with hypertension have 1.627 times more risk of hearing loss than those without hypertension(95%CI:1.059-2.501).Conclusion Hearing loss of oilfield workers is related to various factors such as length of service,gender,post and whether they have hypertension.Targeted preventive measures should be taken as early as possible to protect the hearing health of oilfield workers.