论专利独占许可的法律属性

On the Legal Characteristic of Patent Exclusive License

专利独占许可的法律属性,决定着许可合同双方当事人内部关系中的权利义务配置以及许可合同外部关系中所有类型第三人将要面临的风险负担。中国学界中主张专利独占许可对世效力的新兴学说正在逐渐动摇并改变传统债权说长久以来的通说地位,进而引发专利权变动规则中本应避免的错乱。新兴学说的具体论证路径或不当移动了传统民法概念的边界,或不当效仿有体物的财产权体系,或者过度依赖利益平衡理念的可靠性。新兴学说有待改善的论证方式及其在逻辑起点所依赖的知识产权规范中的相关规定,忽视了专利权作为民事财产性权利所固有的物债二元的基本架构,应当予以修正。也正因如此,专利独占被许可人必须重返其合同债权人的法律地位。

The legal characteristic of patent exclusive license determines the allocation of rights and obligations in the internal relationship between the parties to the license contract and the risk burden,that all types of third parties will face in the external relationship of the license contract.The emerging theory in Chinese academic circles that advocates the effect of patent exclusive license on the world is gradually shaking and changing the long-held general position of the traditional theory of creditor's rights,thus causing the confusion that should be avoided in the rules of patent change.The specific argumentation path of the emerging theories has either improperly moved the boundary of the traditional civil law concept,or improperly imitated the property rights system of tangible objects,or excessively relied on the reliability of the concept of balance of interests.The argumentation method of the emerging theory to be improved and the relevant provisions in the intellectual property norms on which the logical starting point depends,ignore the basic structure of the dual nature of property and debt inherent in the patent right as a civil property right,and should be amended.For this reason,the patent exclusive licensee must return to its legal status as a contract creditor.