著作权侵权认定中的转换性使用理论适用阐释

Application and Interpretation of the Theory of Transformational Use in the Determination of Copyright Infringement

著作权侵权认定规则应确立著作权保护范围的“对象范畴/行为范畴”二元权利作用“焦点”构造,转换性使用概念仍发挥着不容忽视的重要作用。有必要确立使用行为的稀释理论而非固守作品范畴的表达独占论,承认前后作品之间因使用行为的稀释作用而产生的实质性差异可以抵消彼此之间的相似性。合理使用判断规则与其说是侵权免责抗辩规则,毋宁说是一种已融入综合价值判断的侵权认定混同规则。在我国有必要充分运用合理使用判断四要素作为辅助三步检验法分析的补强解释规则,将“内容性转换”作为补充确立作品保护边界的规范解释概念,将“目的/功能性转换”作为著作权侵权认定的价值指引和定性工具,二者之间发挥着不同的解释功能。同时,应注重有效运用比例原则,对使用行为的“合理容忍的利益减损”要件进行必要考量,以进一步完善转换性使用理论适用中的解释论方法。

It is necessary to build one“object-behavior”focus dualistic-system of rights function for defining the protection scope of copyright in copyright infringement determination,in which the term of transformative use play an important role.It is necessary to establish a dilution theory of the act of use rather than the theory of the exclusivity of expression that sticks to the category of the work,and recognize the substantial differences between the previous and subsequent works due to the dilution of the act of use can offset the similarities between them.The fair use judgment rule is not so much a violation defense rule as a mixed rule for infringement determination that has been integrated into comprehensive value judgments.As one complementary explanation rule for three-step test,it should apply four elements rule of fair use judgement to China juridical practice.Content transformation should be regarded as one concept of normative analysis for establishing the protection scope of works,and regard purpose and functional transformation as one qualitative tool of legal value guidance in copyright infringement determination.There are different explanation functions between the two transformations.Meanwhile,proportionality principle should be applied effectively to examine the reasonable tolerance of interests'impairment necessarily for the improvement on interpretative theory system of copyright transformative use.