环境法典编纂中生态环境损害赔偿诉讼制度的定位与融入

The Positioning and Integration of the Ecological and Environmental Damage Compensation Litigation System in the Compilation of the Environmental Code

由《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》创设的“生态环境损害赔偿民事诉讼”制度虽然在我国已经实施七年,但其性质和功能一直没能被学界和实务界厘清。其中一个重要原因是社会公共利益诉讼或国家利益诉讼被混淆于环境公益诉讼之中。生态环境损害赔偿诉讼制度的实质是履行环境管理职责的国家机关以自然资源国家所有权为基础提起的“环境履职诉讼”制度。建立生态环境损害责任追究与衔接机制是环境法典编纂中的重要研究课题,而生态环境损害赔偿诉讼制度是责任追究与衔接机制的重要组成部分。通盘考虑既有法律制度的稳定性和时代对公益制度的需求,在环境法典编纂中建立生态环境损害赔偿诉讼制度的安排可以分为承认和衔接两个方面。首先,应当承认生态环境损害赔偿诉讼制度是“环境履职诉讼”制度的本质;其次,要构建该诉讼制度与民事公益诉讼制度的衔接机制。

The Reform Plan of Compensation System for Ecological and Environmental Damage establishes a"civil litigation for compensation for ecological and environmental damage",a system which has been established for seven years,while the academic and practical circles still have an unclear understanding of its nature and function.One of the important reasons is that social public interest litigation or national interest litigation is confused in environmental public interest litigation.The essence of the litigation system of compensation for ecological and environmental damage is the system of""environmental performance litigation"brought up by the state organs performing the duties of environmental management based on the state ownership of natural resources.It is an important research subject in the compilation of environmental damage responsibility investigation and connection code.Considering the stability of the existing legal system and the demand of the times for the public welfare system,the arrangement of establishing the litigation system for ecological and environmental damage compensation in the environmental code can be divided into two aspects:recognition and connection.Firstly,the legal status of the ecological environment damage compensation litigation should be recognized;secondly,the connection mechanism between the litigation system and the civil public interest litigation system should be established.