从“性味成方”探讨经方用水之意

Exploring of Water Using Method from Perspective of "Noting Character and Taste of Drugs in Classic Prescriptions"

性味即四气五味,是药物的固有属性。《黄帝内经》十三方的配伍规律初步形成了“性味成方”的理论内涵,张仲景以“性味成方”为理论基础,组成了其所有经典方剂。此理论不仅体现在药物的配伍方面,还体现在煎煮用水方面。仲景所用特殊煎煮用水包括:枳实栀子豉汤之清浆水、茯苓桂枝甘草大枣汤之甘澜水、麻黄连翘赤小豆汤之潦水以及风引汤之井花水。此四水者,除清浆水酸凉之外,其余性味俱为甘平。药物煎煮用水的选择体现了张仲景对“性味成方”理论的应用。

Character and taste of drugs refers to the Four Qi and Five Wei of them,which are inherent attributes of drugs.The compatibility laws of the thirteen prescriptions in Huang Di Nei Jing have preliminarily formed the theoretical connotation of"noting character and taste of drugs in classic prescriptions",with which Zhang Zhongjing composed all of his classic prescriptions.This theory is not only reflected in the compatibility of drugs,but also in the use of water for decoction.The special water used includes the followings:Qingjiang water was used in Zhishi Zhizi Chi Decoction,Ganlan water was used in Fuling Guizhi Gancao Dazao Decoction,Liao water was used in Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoctiohn,and Jinghua water was used in Fengyin Decoction.Among these four types of water,the first one is sour in taste and cool in character.The other three are sweet in taste and Ping in character.The selection of water for drug decoction reflects Zhang Zhongjing′s application of the drugs reflects his application of the theory of"noting character and taste of drugs in classic prescriptions".