16岁以下儿童呼吸道感染病原体检测结果分析

Analysis of Pathogen Detection Results of Respiratory Tract Infection in Children Under 16 Years Old

目的 了解16岁以下儿童呼吸道感染病原体流行情况,为临床诊断治疗及相关疾病的预防提供参考依据。方法 收集2021年1月至2022年12月2 489例呼吸道感染患者,采用间接免疫荧光法检测呼吸道病原体IgM抗体,包括流感病毒A型(IFA)、流感病毒B型(IFB)、副流感病毒(PIV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、柯萨奇病毒B型(CVB)、柯萨奇病毒A型(CVA)、埃可病毒(ECHO)、肺炎衣原体(CP)、肺炎支原体(MP)、嗜肺军团菌(LP)和腺病毒(ADV),并对结果进行统计分析。结果 2 489份标本中病原体总检出率为54.88%(1 366/2 489),其中单一病原体感染率为33.27%(828/2 489),混合病原体感染率为23.40%(538/2 489),检出率较高的病原体为IFB、MP和IFA,检出率分别为39.25%、16.19%和12.45%。女性患儿病原体检出率[58.84%(639/1 086)]高于男性患儿[51.82%(727/1 403)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄段儿童病原体的检出率不同(P<0.05),其中>6~16岁组和>3~6岁组检出率较高,分别为68.10%和67.07%,各年龄段IFA、IFB、PIV、MP、CP、CVA和ECHO检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);秋季和冬季病原体检出率较高,分别为68.74%和58.79%,各季节RSV、IFA、IFB、MP和ECHO检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 11种呼吸道病原体在儿童中的流行特征差异较大,女童感染率高于男童,3~16岁儿童感染率最高,秋、冬季是高发季节,IFB、MP和IFA是引起儿童呼吸道感染的最常见的病原体。

Objective To analyse the epidemic situation of pathogens of respiratory tract infection in children under 16 years old,and provide reference basis for clinical diagnosis,treatment and prevention of related diseases.Methods From January 2021 to December 2022,a total of 2489 samples with respiratory infections were collected,and IgM antibodies against respiratory pathogens were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay,including influenza virus A(IFA),influenza virus B(IFB),parainfluenza virus(PIV),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),Coxsackie virus B(CVB),Coxsackie virus A(CVA),enteric cytopathic human orphan virus(ECHO),Chlamydia pneumoniae(CP),Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP),Legionella pneumophila(LP)and adenovirus(ADV).The results were statistically analyzed.Results The total pathogen detection rate in 2489 specimens was 54.88%(1366/2489),with a single pathogen infection rate of 33.27%(828/2489)and a mixed pathogen infection rate of 23.40%(538/2489).The pathogens with the high detection rate were IFB,MP and IFA,with rates of 39.25%,16.19%and 12.45%,respectively.The detection rate of pathogens in female children[58.84%(639/1086)]was higher than that[51.82%(727/1403)]in male children,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Pathogen detection rates varied by age in children(P<0.05).Among them,the detection rates of>6-16 years old group and>3-6 years old group were relatively high,which were 68.10%and 67.07%,respectively.The detection rates of IFA,IFB,PIV,MP,CP,CVA and ECHO in different age were statistically significant(P<0.05).Pathogen detection rates were higher in autumn and winter,which were 68.74%and 58.79%,respectively.RSV,IFA,IFB,MP and ECHO detection rates in different seasons were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The epidemic characteristics of 11 different respiratory pathogens in children vary greatly.The infection rate in girls is higher than that in boys,the infection rate of children aged 3-16 years is the highest.Autumn and winter are the high incidence seasons,and IFB,MP and IFA are the most common pathogens causing respiratory infections in children.