工科学生实践智慧的培育:价值、目标与策略

The Cultivation of Practice Wisdom of Engineering Students:Values,Goals and Strategies

提升工科学生的工程实践能力,是培养新时代卓越工程师的重点内容。鉴于实践哲学倡导实践优位、注重实践理性的特性,其可作为一种研究视域探讨工科学生实践能力提升的问题。实践智慧是实践哲学的奠基性概念,对实践智慧内涵的解读发现,培育工科学生的实践智慧可以提升其工程实践能力,具体包括培育工科学生在工程实践中整体向善的价值追求、提升工科学生对工程实践情境的感知力和推断力、凸显工科学生在工程教育中的主体地位。基于实践智慧的生成机制,提出了培育工科学生实践智慧的途径,即:为学生提供工程实践的机会,注重学生实践经验的积累;促进学生对实践经验展开反思,帮助学生养成反思的习惯。

Improving the engineering practice ability of engineering students is the focus of the education and training of outstand-ing engineers in the new era.In view of the characteristics of the philosophy of practice advocating the priority of practice and emphasi-zing practical rationality,it can be used as a research perspective to explore the improvement of engineering students'practical ability.Practical wisdom is the foundational concept of practical philosophy.Based on the interpretation of the connotation of practical wisdom,it is found that cultivating the practical wisdom of engineering students can improve the practical ability of engineering students.Specif-ically,it includes cultivating engineering students to pursue and improve the good value in engineering practice.Engineering students perception and inference ability of engineering practice situations highlights the dominant position of engineering students in engineering education.Based on the generation mechanism of practical wisdom,this paper proposes a way to cultivate the practical wisdom of engi-neering students,that is,to provide students with opportunities of engineering practice,to pay attention to the accumulation of students'practical experience;to deepen students'understanding of reflection and help students develop the habit of reflection.