老年扩张型心肌病并发恶性心律失常的危险因素与远期预后分析

Risk factors and long-term prognosis of malignant arrhythmia in elderly patients with dilated cardiomyopathy

目的筛查老年扩张型心肌病并发恶性心律失常(MA)的危险因素与影响该类患者临床预后的相关因素。方法选取2017年1月—2021年4月199例在遂宁市中心医院心血管中心住院的大于60岁的扩张型心肌病患者,根据资料是否并发恶性心律失常将其分为MA组(54例)与non-MA组(145例)。回顾性分析发生恶性心律失常的危险因素。并且对MA组进行随访,根据是否出现复合终点事件分为事件组与非事件组,并进行生存分析明确影响预后的因素。结果对MA组与non-MA组进行多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:慢性肾脏病、纽约心脏协会(NYHA)心功能分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、左室射血分数(LVEF)<35%、频发室性早搏是老年扩张型心肌病患者并发恶性心律失常的独立危险因素;对事件组与非事件组进行Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示:并发恶性心律失常的老年扩张型心肌病患者中,合并慢性肾脏病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、频发室性早搏的患者心脏死亡风险更高。将Kaplan-Meier生存分析有意义的自变量纳入多因素Cox回归模型校正,结果显示合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病、频发室早是并发恶性心律失常的老年扩张型心肌病患者心脏死亡的独立危险因素(HR=7.593,95%CI:2.018~28.576,P=0.003;HR=4.090,95%CI:1.042~16.057,P=0.043)。结论慢性肾脏病、NYHA分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、LVEF<35%、频发室性早搏是老年扩张型心肌病患者恶性心律失常发生的潜在危险因素;事件组中,慢性阻塞性肺疾病、频发室早是影响预后的独立危险因素,能够较好地预测心源性死亡。

Objective To investigate the risk factors and long-term prognosis of malignant arrhythmia(MA)in elderly patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.Methods A total of 199 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy over 60 years old who were hospitalized in the Cardiovascular Center of Suining Central Hospital were selected from January 2017 to April 2021.They were divided into MA group(54 cases)and non-MA group(145 cases)according to whether they were complicated with malignant arrhythmia.The risk factors of malignant arrhythmia were analyzed retrospectively.The MA group was followed up and divided into event group and non-event group according to the presence or absence of a composite endpoint event.The survival analysis was performed to clarify the factors affecting prognosis.Results Multifactorial logistic regression analysis of MA group and non-MA group showed that chronic kidney disease,NYHA classⅢ-Ⅳ,left ventricular ejection fration(LVEF)<35%,and frequent premature ventricular beats were independent risk factors for complications of malignant arrhythmias in elderly patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.Kaplan-meier survival analysis of event group and non-event group showed that among elderly patients with dilated cardiomyopathy complicated by malignant arrhythmias,patients with comorbid chronic kidney disease,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and frequent premature ventricular beats were at higher risk of cardiac death.The independent variables that were significant for Kaplan-meier survival analysis were included in a multifactorial cox regression model correction,which showed that comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,frequent premature ventricular beats was an independent risk factor for cardiac death in elderly patients with dilated cardiomyopathy complicated by malignant arrhythmias(HR=7.593,95%CI:2.018-28.576,P=0.003;HR=4.090,95%CI:1.042-16.057,P=0.043).Conclusion Chronic kidney disease,NYHA classⅢ~Ⅳ,LVEF<35%,and frequent premature ventricular beats are potential risk factors for the development of malignant arrhythmias in elderly patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.For event group,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and frequent premature ventricular beats are independent risk factors for prognosis and could better predict cardiac death.