基于预康复的全程管理在免充气经口腔镜甲状腺癌患者中的应用

Whole-process management based on pre-habilitation concept in patients of the gasless transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy

目的研究基于预康复理念的全程管理对免充气经口腔镜甲状腺癌患者术后疼痛、自我效能、焦虑抑郁情绪及术后康复的影响。方法选取中国科学技术大学附属第一医院2021年1月—2021年6月收治的60例预住院接受免充气经口腔镜甲状腺癌手术患者为对照组,实施常规护理;选取2021年7月—2021年12月收治的60例预住院接受免充气经口腔镜甲状腺癌手术患者为观察组,实施基于预康复理念的全程管理。采用数字疼痛评分评价2组术后3 d的疼痛情况;出院时采用患者一般自我效能感量表评价2组患者一般自我效能感;入院时、出院时、出院1个月使用医院焦虑抑郁量表评价2组焦虑抑郁情绪。结果干预后,观察组术后3 d疼痛评分均低于对照组(均P<0.05);观察组患者自我效能感得分[(29.2±4.7)分]高于对照组[(24.6±4.8)分,t=5.009,P<0.001];观察组出院时和出院1个月焦虑和抑郁评分低于对照组(均P<0.05);随着术后康复2组焦虑和抑郁评分逐渐下降(均P<0.05);观察组术后颌下水肿、皮肤淤血发生率为17.2%、5.2%,均低于对照组的35.2%、16.7%(均P<0.05)。结论基于预康复理念的全程管理能有效减轻免充气经口腔镜甲状腺癌患者术后疼痛程度,提高患者自我效能感,改善负性情绪,促进患者快速康复。

Objective To study the effects of whole-process management based on the concept of pre-habilitation on pain,self-efficacy,anxiety,depression and postoperative rehabilitation in patients undergoing gasless transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy.Methods A total of 60 patients who were pre-hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC from January 2021 to June 2021 and received gasless transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy were selected as the control group and received routine care.A total of 60 patients who were pre-hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC from July 2021 to December 2021 and received gasless transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy were selected as the observation group and received the whole-process management based on pre-habilitation concept.Numeric rating scale digital was used to evaluate the pain of 3 days after operation of the 2 groups.General self-efficacy scale was used to evaluate the general self-efficacy of the two groups at discharge.Anxiety and depression of all patients were assessed by the hospital anxiety and depression scale at 3 times of admission,discharge and 1 month after discharge.Results After intervention,the Numeric rating scale in the observation group were lower than that in the control group at 3 days after operation(all P<0.05);The self-efficacy score of patients in the observation group[(29.2±4.7)points]was higher than that in the control group[(24.6±4.8)points,t=5.009,P<0.001];The scores of anxiety and depression in the control group were higher than those in the observation group at discharge and 1 month after discharge(all P<0.05);With the prolongation of postoperative time,anxiety and depression scores in each group decreased gradually,and there were time interaction and intergroup interaction between the two groups(all P<0.05).The incidence of submandibular edema and skin congestion after operation in the observation group(17.2%and 5.2%)were significantly lower than those in the control group(35.2%and 16.7%,all P<0.05).Conclusion The whole-process management based on the concept of pre-rehabilitation can effectively reduce the postoperative pain degree of patients with transendoscopic thyroid cancer,improve their self-efficacy,improve their negative mood,reduce their postoperative complications and promote the rapid recovery of patients.