高花青苷同源四倍体紫菜薹新材料的创制及特性分析

Creation and Characteristic Analysis of a New Autotetraploid Purple Cai-Tai With High Anthocyanins

为获得优质高花青苷的同源四倍体不结球白菜紫菜薹Lcx025b新材料,本研究利用浓度为0.2%(w/v)的秋水仙素溶液处理二倍体Lcx025b幼苗的子叶生长点,通过形态学、细胞学、流式细胞仪测定等方法筛选鉴定得到同源四倍体植株,通过农艺性状指标、营养品质、光合特性、抗病能力等方面对二、四倍体植株进行比较分析。结果表明,相较于二倍体植株,四倍体植株在形态学方面表现出巨大性,具体表现为叶片的长宽比显著减小,叶片趋于扁圆形,花器官、种荚、种子等明显增大,菜薹颜色加深;叶片气孔明显增大,气孔密度减小;花粉粒表现出明显不规则性;四倍体植株根尖细胞染色体的数目以及通过流式细胞仪分析的四倍体植株DNA的荧光强度都表现为二倍体的两倍;营养品质方面,可溶性糖、菜薹花青苷含量显著增加,纤维素、硝态氮含量显著减少,可溶性蛋白、叶绿素含量无显著变化;结合光响应曲线分析,四倍体光合能力更强,适应性更高;此外,在抗病性鉴定过程中,四倍体植株对灰霉菌的抗性明显优于二倍体植株。综上,本研究获得了高花青苷的同源四倍体不结球白菜紫菜薹Lcx025b新材料,为不结球白菜的种质资源创新提供了重要的材料支撑。

In order to obtain new materials of homologous tetraploid nonbearing Chinese cabbage Lcx025b with high quality anthocyanin,the cotyledon growth point of diploid Lcx025b seedlings was treated with colchicine solution of 0.2%(w/v)concentration.The homologous tetraploid plants were screened and identified by morphological,cytological and flow cytometry methods.The diploid and tetraploid plants were compared and analyzed by agronomic traits,nutritional quality,photosynthetic characteristics and disease resistance.The results showed that compared with diploid plants,tetraploid plants showed giant morphology,the ratio of length to width of leaves decreased significantly,the leaves tended to be oblate,the flower organs,seed pods and seeds increased significantly,and the color of cabbage moss deepened.Stomatal density decreased and stomatal density increased significantly.The pollen grains showed obvious irregularity.The number of chromosomes in root tip cells of tetraploid plants and the fluorescence intensity of DNA of tetraploid plants analyzed by flow cytometry were twice that of diploid plants.In terms of nutritional quality,the contents of soluble sugar and chlorophyllin increased significantly,the contents of cellulose and nitrate nitrogen decreased significantly,and the contents of soluble protein and chlorophyll had no significant difference.Combined with the light response curve analysis,the tetraploid has stronger photosynthetic capacity and higher adaptability.In addition,the resistance of tetraploid plants to P.cinerea was obviously better than that of diploid plants.In conclusion,through this study,a new material of homologous tetraploid Lcx025b with high anthocyanin,purple cai-tai,was obtained,which provided important material support for the innovation of germplasm resources of non-knoting Chinese cabbage.