稻壳配施复合肥对郁金香生理特性及杂草防治的影响

Effect of Combined Application of Rice Husk and Compound Fertilizer on Physiological Characteristics of Tulips and Weed Control

为充分利用稻壳资源,实现农业废弃物综合利用,以郁金香品种普瑞斯玛为试验材料,采用大田方式种植,探究稻壳配施复合肥对郁金香生理特性及杂草防治的影响,其中,稻壳配施复合肥试验设置7个处理:对照处理(CK:不加任何稻壳和复合肥);单施稻壳处理(T2:0.5 kg·m^(-2));稻壳配施复合肥处理(T3:0.5 kg·m^(-2)稻壳+0.03 kg·m^(-2)复合肥;T4:0.5 kg·m^(-2)稻壳+0.06 kg·m^(-2)复合肥;T5:0.5 kg·m^(-2)稻壳+0.09 kg·m^(-2)复合肥;T6:0.5 kg·m^(-2)稻壳+0.12 kg·m^(-2)复合肥;T7:0.5 kg·m^(-2)稻壳+0.15 kg·m^(-2)复合肥);稻壳覆盖试验设置4个处理:对照处理(CK:无稻壳覆盖);稻壳覆盖处理(A:0.25 kg·m^(-2)稻壳;B:0.5 kg·m^(-2)稻壳;C:1.5 kg·m^(-2)稻壳)。结果表明,稻壳配施复合肥处理能够促进郁金香生长发育,其中T6和T7在各个时期的处理效果较好。同时,稻壳配施复合肥能够增加郁金香种球直径,其中T7处理的种球直径最大,达到了39.8 mm,与CK相比增加了15.13%;T7处理的种球干重、花朵直径和花朵高度分别较CK增加了46.76%、8.24%和3.64%。6种施肥处理均能在一定程度上降低土壤紧实度;土壤pH值随着配施的复合肥浓度加大而有所降低;在各个处理的土壤电导率(EC)值中,仅T2处理的土壤EC值较CK显著降低了27.27%,其余处理与CK相比无显著差异。此外,采用稻壳覆盖对田间禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草具有良好的防控作用,3种稻壳覆盖处理均能显著降低杂草密度和鲜重,其中C处理效果最好,较CK分别减少了59.81%和65.09%;而从对2种主要类型杂草的株防效和鲜重防效看,A、B、C处理对杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别达到了26.47%和36.09%、37.29%和45.73%、59.81%和65.19%,且处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。综上,稻壳配施复合肥能够促进郁金香生长、优化肥料使用、改善土壤环境、抑制杂草生长。本研究结果为调控郁金香生长环境和减少施肥量提供了新的途径。

In order to make full use of rice husk resources and realize comprehensive utilization of agricultural waste the tulip variety Purissma was planted in the field as the test material to study effect of combined application of rice husk and compound fertilizer on physiological characteristics of tulips and weed control,and thereby to find a new way for regulating tulip growing environment and reducing the amount of fertilization.Seven treatments were set up in the experiment of applying compound fertilizer with rice husk:the control(CK:no rice husk or compound fertilizer);application of rice husk alone(T2:0.5 kg·m^(-2));rice husk and compound fertilizer(T3:0.5 kg·m^(-2) of rice husk+0.03 kg·m^(-2) of compound fertilizer;T4:0.5 kg·m^(-2) of rice husk+0.06 kg·m^(-2) of compound fertilizer;T5:0.5 kg·m^(-2) of rice husk+0.09 kg·m^(-2) of compound fertilizer;T6:0.5 kg·m^(-2) of rice husk+0.12 kg·m^(-2) of compound fertilizer;T7:0.5 kg·m^(-2) of rice husk+0.15 kg·m^(-2) of compound fertilizer).The rice husk covering experiment involved 4 treatments:the control(CK:no rice husk covering);rice husk covering(A:0.25 kg·m^(-2) of rice husk;B:0.5 kg·m^(-2) of rice husk;C:1.5 kg·m^(-2) of rice husk).The results showed that the combined application of rice husk and compound fertilizer promotes the growth of tulips.T6 and T7 performed the best effect in different periods.Meanwhile,the combined application of rice husk and compound fertilizer increases the diameter of tulip bulbs;the tulip bulbs in T7 are the largest,up to 39.8 mm in diameter,15.13%larger than CK.Judging by bulb dry weight,flower diameter and flower height,T7 is 46.76%,8.24%and 3.64%better than CK,respectively.All 6 treatments reduce soil compactness to some extent;pH value drops as the concentration of the compound fertilizer increases;across the treatments,compared with CK,T2 shows a decline of 27.27%in EC value while other treatments show no significant differences therein.Moreover,rice husk covering can well control grass weeds and broadleaf weeds in the field.All 3 treatments significantly reduce weed density and fresh weight;treatment C shows the best effect,reducing weed density and fresh weight by 59.81%and 65.09%respectively compared with CK.In terms of the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect on 2 main types of weeds,compared with CK,treatment A shows the weed control effects of 26.47%and 36.09%,respectively;treatment B shows the weed control effects of 37.29%and 45.73%,respectively;treatment C shows the weed control effects of 59.81%and 65.19%,respectively.The treatments are significantly different(P<0.05).In short,the combined application of rice husk and compound fertilizer can promote the growth of tulips,optimize fertilizer utilization,improve soil environment,and suppress the growth of weeds.