军人疲劳、情绪状态对睡眠质量的影响及睡眠质量与警觉性相关性分析

Effects of fatigue and emotional state on sleep quality and correlations between sleep quality and alertness in soldiers

目的 探究不同类型的疲劳以及不同种类的负向情绪因子对睡眠质量的影响,进一步分析睡眠质量与警觉性的相关性,为提高军人睡眠质量与认知能力提供理论依据。方法 选取某部男性军人142名,采用疲劳自觉症状调查表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、精神运动警觉性测试(PVT)分别进行疲劳程度、情绪状况、睡眠质量以及警觉性的测量。结果 当前军人PSQI得分为(5.16±2.66)分,显著高于正常成人常模(P<0.01),低于高原边疆驻守军人常模(P<0.05),以PSQI≥7分为睡眠障碍标准,睡眠障碍者占31%。疲劳总分、SCI-90总分与PSQI总分正相关(r=0.40,P<0.01;r=0.48,P<0.01),其中,精神感觉症状与日间功能障碍正相关(r=0.54,P<0.01)。与睡眠良好组相比,睡眠障碍组疲劳各因子、情绪各因子均存在显著差异(P<0.05);疲劳总分(B=0.03,P=0.023)与SCL-90总分(B=0.07,P=0.015)是睡眠质量的主要影响因素。PSQI总分与PVT平均反应时呈正相关(r=0.55,P<0.01),PSQI总分(B=0.01,P<0.01)是警觉性的影响因素。结论 与普通成年人相比,被试军人入睡时间明显延长,导致睡眠问题较严重,主要表现为主观睡眠质量、睡眠时间、睡眠效率显著下降;各类疲劳、多种负向情绪的累积作用以及疲劳与情绪间协同作用会显著影响睡眠质量,可基于各类因子间累加效应与协同作用,采取针对性措施改善睡眠;对于警觉性要求高的岗位需更加注重睡眠调节,可采用任务前补充睡眠、任务间隙中增加“小睡”、任务后积极调适等措施调控睡眠以维持警觉性。

Objective To explore the effects of different types of fatigue and negative emotion factors on sleep quality and to analyze the correlations between sleep quality and alertness so as to provide data for improving sleep quality and cognitive ability of soldiers.Methods A total of 142 male soldiers were selected.Levels of fatigue,emotional state,sleep quality and alertness were measured using the Fatigue Symptom Questionnaire,Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),Pitts-burgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and Psychomotor Vigilance Task(PVT)respectively.Results The PSQI score of these soldiers was 5.16±2.66,which was significantly higher than the norm for adults(P0.01)but lower than the norm for soldiers stationed on the plateau and along frontiers(P0.05).Soldiers with a PSQI≥7 were considered to suffer from sleep disorders,accounting for 31% of the soldiers tested.The total scores of fatigue,SCI-90 and PSQI were positively correlated(r=0.40,P0.01;r=0.48,P0.01),and psychosensory symptoms were positively correlated with daytime dysfunction(r=0.54,P0.01).When the sleep disorder group was compared with the good sleep group,there were significant differences in each dimension of fatigue and sub-factor of emotion(P0.05).The total score of fatigue(B=0.03,P=0.023)and that of SCL-90(B=0.07,P=0.015)were the primary determinants of sleep quality.The total score of PSQl(B=0.01,P0.01),which was an influencing factor of alertness,was positively correlated with the mean reaction time of PVT(r=0.55,P0.01).Conclusion Compared with ordinary adults,the soldiers take a much longer time to fall asleep,which is likely to lead to serious sleep problems,such as a significant decline in subjective sleep quality,sleep time and sleep efficiency.The cumulative effect of various types of fatigue,negative emotions,and the synergy between fatigue and emotions can impact sleep quality.Targeted measures can be taken to improve sleep based on the cumulative effect and synergy among various factors.Regulation of sleep is critical to posts which require high alertness.Sleeping longer before tasks,naps between tasks,and active adjust after tasks can help maintain alertness.