现代化转型与在地化实践:乡村振兴背景下农村社会工作价值与伦理建设论析

Turn for Modernization and Its Localized Practice:An Analysis of the Value of Social Work and Ethical Construction in Rural Areas in the Context of Rural Revitalization

现代化转型中的农村社会发展历史性与现代性并存,社会问题的出现和解决处于新、旧乡土伦理秩序的更迭之中,农村社会工作被赋予新的时代内涵与历史任务。农村社会工作者作为专业力量参与乡村振兴需要对专业价值理念进行在地转化,以解决服务中不确定性情境与信任嵌入两难、多元角色期待与专业身份实现难题、地方性知识背景与文化解读错位、服务边界模糊与个体时空挤压的价值与伦理困境。乡村振兴背景下农村社会工作价值与伦理建设主要包括与地方性知识的在地对接、本土化服务的在地调试以及地方主体性培育和共同体建构四个面向。以地方性知识和本土化服务在农村社会伦理体系中寻求文化契合,主体性培育和共同体建构更新了农村社会工作价值伦理对个体能力肯定、对集体主义观念认可的内涵,在现代化转型中共同推动农村社会工作价值与伦理的在地化发展。

Social development in China’s rural areas now features a mixture of historicity and modernity,which gives rise to social problems and the needs to resolve them that are brought about by the changes in the local ethical order from the old to the new.Social work in rural areas is therefore given new meanings and tasks,which requires rural social workers as a professional task force to localize their professional ethics and values in a way to lift them out of the dilemma of uncertainty of service on the one hand and winning trust from the farmers on the other,to meet multiple expectations placed on their roles as professionals,reduce their cultural misunderstandings that result from their lack of local knowledge,elucidate the ill-defined boundaries of their service,and relieve them of the pressure that they as individuals are subject to in a given time and space.In the context of rural revitalization,the value and ethical construction of social work in rural areas should consist of four components,namely,acquaintance with local knowledge,localized service,cultivation of local subjectivity in social work,and community construction.Local knowledge and localized service shall enable social workers to seek cultural affinity from the existing social and ethical systems in the rural areas,while cultivation of local subjectivity of social work and community construction affirms individual competence in rural social work and recognizes collectivism as a positive value,which in turn promotes the development of the values and ethics of rural social work in the turn for modernization.