家庭视角下县域城镇化的实践路径——基于新生代农民工的多点调研

The Practical Path of County Urbanization from the Perspective of Family——A Multi-point Survey of the New Generation of Migrant Workers

县域城镇化表现为进城购房的刚需化、子女教育的城镇化以及生活方式的中产化。当前农村家庭正在经历城镇化目标转型,由此形成了“一家三制”的家计模式,其中代际支持起着重要的作用,包括直接的财富转移(购房、彩礼)、老漂、城乡两栖、自我养老等多种形式。农村新三代家庭的家庭再生产由此在“城—县—乡”之间进行拆分,并形成多种分工组合,呈现出流动性、碎片化、离散化的特征。因此,中西部地区的县域城镇化具有消耗性、过渡性、符号象征性等特征,它仍然是一种半城市化。

County urbanization often features a rigid demand for housing in cities,urbanized schooling for children,and a middle-class lifestyle.Rural families are now experiencing a shift to an urbanized way of life marked by a new family pattern that can be described as“one family,three systems”,in which cross-generation support plays a crucial role.This often takes such forms as direct wealth transfer(like house purchase,bride price),old parents shifting residence in children’s families,elderly people residing,alternately in cities and villages,and elderly people living on their own.The reproduction of the new three generations of rural families is split between“cities,towns,and villages”,giving rise to a variety of labor division and showing a distinctive feature of mobility,fragmentation and dispersion.For this reason,county urbanization,particularly in mid-west areas,is consumptive,transitional and symbolic,and should be deemed as a kind of semi-urbanization.