中美国家公园生态系统服务社会价值对比研究——以普达措国家公园和圣伊莎贝尔派克国家森林公园为例

Comparing analysis on social values of ecosystem services in China and US National Park:A case study of the Pudacuo National Park and the Pike and San Isabel(PSI)National Forests

在生态文明背景下,生态系统服务社会价值在国家公园保护规划中占有举足轻重的地位。以中国普达措国家公园和美国圣伊莎贝尔派克国家森林公园为研究地,运用SolVES模型评估二者的社会价值,确定12种社会价值的感知重要性。基于感知重要性的评估结果,侧重分析感知重要性较高的3种社会价值(美学、生物多样性、游憩价值)及其与环境变量之间的关系。研究表明:(1)受访者对普达措国家公园游憩价值的偏好程度最高,而圣伊莎贝尔派克国家森林公园价值指数最高的是美学价值;(2)普达措国家公园3种社会价值的热点区域均呈现出“多核心,多条状”的空间格局;圣伊莎贝尔派克国家森林公园3种社会价值的高值区空间布局呈现出“多核心但分散性较强,单条状”;(3)普达措国家公园受访者偏好程度较高的3种社会价值邻近水体或道路,位于海拔超过3600 m范围内。相比之下,圣伊莎贝尔派克国家森林公园3种社会价值的高值区域靠近水体但远离道路,位于高海拔的区域。通过比较两国国家公园的社会价值,可以为跨国生态系统惠益共享开辟途径,以及促进基于国家间共同利益的共享治理,从而实现长期维持景观中社会价值。

In the context of Protected Areas(PAs),ecosystem service for social values plays a significant role in planning for National Park preservation.Using China's Pudacuo National Park and the United States'Pike and San Isabel(PSI)National Forests as research sites,this article employs Social Values for Ecosystem Services(SolVES)model to assess the social values in the two parks,determines the relative perceived importance of 12 social values,and focuses on three social values(aesthetics,biodiversity,and ecological value)with a perceived highly by the public based on the result of perceived importance.The findings indicate that:(1)Respondents in Pudacuo National Park have a strong preference for recreation value,while the max value index in PSI National Forests is aesthetic value.(2)The hotspots of Pudacuo National Park's three social values exhibit a"multi-core and multi-strip"spatial pattern;The hotspots of PSI National Forests'three social values present a"multi-core but scattered and single-strip"geographical distribution.(3)Three social values with a high degree of preference in Pudacuo National Park are adjacent to water bodies or roads,with an altitude of more than 3600 meters.In contrast,PSI National Forests'three social values are close to the water bodies but far away from the road and located in the high-altitude area.By comparing the social values of China's Pudacuo National Park and the United States'PSI National Forests,it is discovered that social governance in the form of national parks can pave the way for benefit sharing of the transnational ecosystem and promote shared governance based on shared interests among countries,thereby ensuring the long-term maintenance of social values.