新型科研机构的本质特征与运行机制

The Essential Characteristics and Operation Mechanism of New R&D Institutions

新型科研机构是近年来在我国出现的一种体制新颖、机制灵活的创新研发组织形式,全面系统地研究其本质特征与运行机制对指导其实践发展具有重要意义.梳理新型科研机构的演变发展过程与运行特点,从学理层面辨识新型科研机构补充观、机制观与融合观等三种本质观点,提出其本质是一种产学研深度融合模式下的创新联合体.基于系统动力学理论与分析工具,从现实过程和特点中映射出新型科研机构运行的知识输入、技术创新和成果转化三个子系统,厘清各个因素之间的互动关系并构建新型科研机构运行系统的动力学流图;从静态视角分析得出人才集聚机制、协同创新机制、风险共担与利益共享机制和保障与激励机制四种运行反馈机制.最后,从动态视角对新型科研机构的运行系统模型进行仿真演化分析,揭示科技人才集聚水平、多元化研发资金、科技成果产出与创新收益的动态演化规律.通过探索新型科研机构的本质特征与内在运行机制,为科学推进新型科研机构高质量创新、引领战略产业发展提供参考.

New R&D institutions have been the form of innovative R&D organization with novel system and flexible mechanism,which appeared in our country in recent years.The Comprehensive and systematic researches on the essential characteristics and operation mechanism of new R&D institutions have been significant for guiding its practical development.This paper first reviews the evolution process and operation characteristics of new R&D institutions,and identifies the three essential viewpoints of the supplementary view,the mechanism view and the integration view for new R&D institutions from the academic level,and proposes that the essential of new R&D institutions could be an innovation complex under the deep integration mode of industryuniversityresearch.Based on the theory and analytical tool of system dynamics,the paper maps out three subsystems of knowledge input,technological innovation and achievements transformation of the operation of new R&D institutions from the actual process and characteristics,clarifies the interaction relationship among each element,and constructs the system flow diagram of the operation system of new R&D institutions.This paper further analyzes the four operational feedback mechanisms of the talent agglomeration mechanism,collaborative innovation mechanism,risk sharing and benefit sharing mechanism,and security and incentive mechanism from the static perspective.Finally,this paper analyzes the simulation evolution of the operating system model of new R&D institutions from the dynamic perspective,and reveals the dynamic evolution law of the concentration level of scientific and technological talents,diversified R&D funds,achievements output of scientific and technological and innovation income.The research provides some references for scientifically promoting high-quality innovation and leading the development of strategic emerging industries by exploring the essential characteristics and internal operating mechanism of new R&D institutions.