报废汽车拆解基地大气中多环芳烃

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons about the atmosphere in scrap vehicle dismantling base

根据研究所采集的样品数据,分析了报废汽车拆解基地各区域PAHs的浓度分布特征和组分特征,利用正定因子矩阵模型(PMF),分析了报废汽车拆解基地主要污染源.为评价报废汽车拆解过程释放的PAHs对人体健康的影响以及获得PAHs中需要优先控制的污染物,采用BaP毒性当量法(BaP-Teq)及增量终生致癌风险(ILCR)模型,综合评分等方法进行了分析.结果表明PM_(2.5),PM_(10)和气相的浓度分别为0.638,0.634,1.6131μg/m^(3);大气气相中的PAHs浓度高于颗粒物中PAHs的浓度;环数浓度占比为2~3环>4环>5~6环;主要污染源为合成材料排放源和石油挥发源;报废汽车存放区,厂内其他区,机械破碎区,小车拆解区,整车拆解区和人工分选区可能存在致癌风险,应加强通风净化等处理设施;优先控制污染物排序为Nap>Chr>Flu>Fla>BaA>BbF>BaP>BkF>IcdP>BghiP.

On the basis of the data analyzed from the samples collected in the study,the concentration distribution characteristics and component characteristics of PAHs in each region of the scrap vehicle dismantling base were analyzed.The main sources of the pollutants in the scrap vehicle dismantling base were investigated using positive definite factor matrix model(PMF).The BaP toxic equivalent method(BaPeq),incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk(ILCR)model and comprehensive scoring method were employed to evaluate the impact of PAHs on human health and to identify priority controlling pollutants of PAHs.The results showed that concentration of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and gas phase was respectively 0.638μg/m^(3),0.634μg/m^(3) and 1.6131μg/m^(3);illustrating that the concentration of PAHs in gas phase was much higher than that in particulate matter.The order of the concentration of PAHs in both gas phase and particular matter according to ring number was 2~3rings>4rings>5~6rings;the main sources of the pollutants were identified as synthetic fiber emission and petroleum volatileization;The carcinogenic risk may exist in the scrap car storage area,other areas in the factory,mechanical crushing area,car dismantling area,vehicle dismantling area and manual sorting area;The priority controlling pollutants were identified and their controling order shall be Nap>Chr>Flu>Fla>BaA>BbF>BaP>BkF>IcdP>BghiP.