流动时代的中国:族际通婚与健康结果

China in an Age of Mobility:Interethnic Marriage and Health Outcomes

“流动中国”的时代背景下,基于文化适应理论、压力过程理论、社会资本理论与语言经济学视角形成的综合分析框架开展对于流动人口中的族际通婚及其所带来的健康效度的探讨,是对费孝通提出的中华民族多元一体格局之下的民族交融与互嵌研究的有效学术延展。本文立足2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,采用系列计量模型和因果修正方法,验证了“少汉婚姻”对于流动中的少数民族人口健康结果的影响,同时刻画了前述影响的具体路径机制。研究发现:流动人口视域下“少汉婚姻”对少数民族流动人口健康结果带来积极效应,在使用工具变量法、倾向值得分匹配等因果推断方法修正后,前述积极效应仍显著存在。在具体的影响路径中,收入回报、工作机会、社会参与、社会融入与流入地社会关系起到部分中介作用。此外,异质性检验还发现显著的健康积极效应主要体现在“受访者为农业户口、配偶为非农业户口”“受访者年龄小于配偶年龄”和“受访者教育水平与其配偶受教育水平不一致”婚配模式下的少数民族流动人口群体当中。本文在理论与实证视野下,对于“流动”与“少数民族”双重符号在身的少数民族流动人口健康进行研究,为在健康层面涵盖不同类型“亚人口”的“健康中国2030”愿景的实现提供证据。

In an age of mobility in China,exploring the intermarriage among the floating population and its health effect based on the comprehensive analysis framework derived from acculturation theory,pressure process theory,social capital theory and language economics is an academic extension of the construction of inter-embedded multi-ethnic community in the context of the Pluralistic Unity of the Chinese Minzu proposed by Fei Xiaotong.This paper uses econometric models and causal correction methods with the data from 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS2017)to examine the effects of ethnic minority-Han marriage on health premium and explore its influence mechanism among floating population in China.We find that“ethnic minority-Han marriage”brings a significant health premium to the floating population of ethnic minorities.The health premium still exists significantly when using instrumental variable approach and propensity score matching.In the specific influence mechanism of interethnic marriage on health premium,income return,job opportunities,social participation,social integration and the social relationship of the inflow region play a partial mediating role.In addition,the heterogeneity test finds that the significant health premium was mainly reflected in the floating population of ethnic minorities of“respondents with agricultural hukou and spouses with non-agricultural hukou”,“respondents younger than their spouses”,and“respondents’educational level is inconsistent with that of their spouses”.From the theoretical and empirical perspectives,the present paper represents a comprehensive study of the health of the minority floating population with the dual symbols of“floating”and“ethnic minorities”.In so doing,this study provides proper guidance for the formulation of health policy in the context of the strategic deployment of“Healthy China 2030”.